PHA 3112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Peptic Ulcer, Aluminium Hydroxide, Aprepitant

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1/11 children, 1/12 adults: 2. 6 million ill (canada) Signs/symptoms breathlessness, tightness of chest, wheezing, dyspnea, cough. Allergen known in 50% children/some adults: in others, unknown or may not be allergen that triggers. Chronic widespread disorder of adults who smoke cigarettes. Pathophysiology airflow restrictions and inflammation chronic, progressive, largely irreversibly drug therapy hardly benefits: doesn"t slow progression, reduce hospitalization or prolong life. Also: production of protective protease inhibitors inhibited: protease enzymes break down elastin --> alveolar wall destruction. Administering drugs by inhalation: direct lug delivery enhances therapeutic effects, systemic effects minimized. Metered-dose-inhalers (mdi"s): hand-held, pressurized devices, measured dose, user activates after inhaling, difficult to use properly. 10% reaches lungs/80% swallowed/10% left in or exhaled. Respimats: similar to dmis, fine mist delivers more drug to lung. Dry-powder inhalers: breath activated: use much easier, deliver 20% to lungs. Nebulizers: heavy" machine: drug solution --> fine mist, face mask, delivery over min, not sex, may be more effective than an inhaler.

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