PHA 3112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Respiratory Alkalosis, Respiratory Acidosis, Metabolic Alkalosis

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12 Mar 2018

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As [h+] increases ph decreases; blood = ~7. 35-7. 45 (slightly above neutral) Ph < 7. 35 = acidosis ; ph > 7. 45 = alkalosis. Normal ratio of bicarbonate:carbonic acid = 20:1 (ph will be at 7. 40) ] / pco2: normal hco3 = 24mm ; normal h2co3, if carbonic acid increases, carbonate must increase to maintain a normal ph. Pco2 x solubility in water = moles of carbonic acid. Amount of bicarbonate must be replaced by the kidneys every day to prevent acidosis. Kidneys convert buffered acids into more acid salts to replace lost hco3. Kidneys have a large capacity to produce hco3. To replace that which was lost (without the buffering system, plasma will become more acidic) ; as nephrons are lost in renal failure, the capacity to produce hco3. Is affected when only 30% of nephrons remain. Carbon dioxide can diffuse across the cell membrane (it can then be remade as bicarbonate)

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uestions The presence of dyshemoglobins will cause a calculated % SO2 result to be falsely (elevated, decreased) and a pulse oximeter %SpO, result to be falsely (elevated, 6. When arterial blood from a normal patient is exposed to room air a. pCO, increases; pO2 decreases b. pCO, decreases: pO, increases c. pCO2 decreases; pO, decreases d. pCO, increases pO, increases a. Elevated, elevated b. Decreased, decreased c. Elevated, decreased d. Decreased, elevated 7. A patient's arterial blood gas results are as follows: pH 7.37;pCO,75 mm Hg; HCO,,37 mmol/L. These values are consistent with a. Compensated respiratory acidosis b. Compensated nonrespiratory acidosis c. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis d. Uncompensated nonrespiratory alkalosis . The preferred anticoagulant for arterial blood gas measurements is- . -in the a. Lithium heparin; dry b. EDTA; dry c. Potassium oxalate; liquid d. Sodium citrate; dry state. 8. A patient's arterial blood gas results are as follows 3. At a pH of 7.10, the H concentration is equivalent to pH 7.48; pCO, 54 mm Hg; HCO, 38 mmol/L. These values are consistent with a. 80 nmol/L b. 20 nmol/L c. 40 nmol/L d. 60 nmol/L a. Compensated nonrespiratory alkalosis b. Compensated respiratory alkalosis c. Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis d. Uncompensated nonrespiratory al 4. In respiratory alkalosis, the kidneys compensate by (excretion, retention) of bicarbonate and (increased, decreased) excretion of NaH,PO a. Excretion, decreased b. Excretion, increased c. Retention, increased d. Retention, decreased 9. In the circulatory system, bicarbonate leaves the red blood cells and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with- - - , to maintain electroneutrality a. Chloride b. Carbonic acid c. Lactate d. Sodium 5. The normal ratio of carbonic acid to bicarbonate in arterial blood is a. 1:20 b. 7.4:6.1 C. 0.003:1.39 d. 20:1 10. Hypoventilation can compensate for following acid-base disorders a. Nonrespiratory acidosis b. Mixed alkalosis c. Mixed acidosis d. Nonrespiratory

PHA 3112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Respiratory Alkalosis, Respiratory Acidosis, Metabolic Alkalosis

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