PHI 1101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Principle Of Bivalence, It Follows

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Philosophy
• Course: PHI 1101
• Professor: Laura Byrne

Document Summary

Arguments (logically strong [based on deductive reasoning/valid] or logically weak [deductively invalid]) The most basic concept of critical thinking is that of the statement. Definition: a statement is a sentence used to make a claim. The property of being true or false distinguishes statements from sentences. These are not capable of being either true or false; Expression of volition: oh, that socrates were a man. **bivalence: the existence of only two states or truth values (e. g. , true and false). There are two fundamental laws of logic: the law of non-contradiction, the law of the excluded middle or the law of bivalence** Negation of that proposition: socrates is not a man. **shorthand** to be short and clear, some statements are represented with symbols; ex: lassie is a dog. p. * this law states that it is impossible for both a proposition and its negation to be true at the same time.