PHI 2396 Lecture 5: PHI2396A-Diagram-Ethical approaches. Utilitarian approach

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Bioethics : part 1 : ethical approaches utilitarian approach. The basic idea of this approach is that the moral value derives from the value of an act that is to say its beneficial consequences. What determines the moral quality of an action are its consequences. Many theories but all recognise that any adequate theory will take both consequences and observance or non-observance of rules into account (hare) Welfarism the consequences that are relevant to the morality of actions are consequences that increase or diminish the welfare of all those affected. Distribution of the welfare : we have a choice between the welfare of one lot of people and the welfare of another lot. Maximization : we have to choose the action which maximises the welfare of all sum or in aggregate. Many objections : a) impartiality ; b) distinction between persons (rawls)

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