PHS 1200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Extrapyramidal System, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Basal Ganglia
9 Feb 2017
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History and physical examination noting signs and symptoms. Interpret in terms of physiology and anatomy: anatomic diagnosis: localize disease process, syndromic diagnosis: characteristic clustering of signs and symptoms. Think flexibly: initially incorrect impression can lead to selectively ignoring data. Assess other data: mode of onset/speed of evolution, involvement of non-neurologic organ systems, relevant past and family medical histories, laboratory findings. Expand formulation: pathologic diagnosis: identify the disease, etiologic diagnosis: mechanism and causation of disease, functional diagnosis: degree of disability, temporary/permanent, potential for restoration of function. Mental status: observe patient during history: test higher cortical functioning, psychiatric aspects: mood, thought, processes/content, cognitive: level of consciousness, attention, understanding, language and speech, memory, visuospatial (perception of environment) Testing of motor function: speed and strength of movements, muscle bulk (atrophy), tone, and coordination (arms, legs, limb tremor of twitching, abnormalities of movement. Testing of reflexes: biceps, triceps, supinator-brachioradialis, patellar, achilles, cutaneous abdominal, plantar (babinski sign)
