PSY 3173 Lecture 10: class 10 - sexual assault and murder
15 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Foresic Pscholog Fial Ea Reie
Class 10- sexual assault and murder
Sexual Assault
Any non-consensual sexual act by either a male or female person to either a male or female person,
regardless of the relationship between the people involved
Three Levels of Severity
1. Simple Sexual Assault: defined broadly as any sexual contact that is unsolicited and non-
consensual, such as fondling (Max 10 years)
2. Sexual Assault with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm: also includes when there is a threat to a
third person, and includes gang rape. Bodily harm = not permanent (Max 14 years)
3. Aggravated Sexual Assault: the most severe; sexual assault with permanent bodily harm such as
disfiguatio, utilatio, o the peso’s life as i dage e: oa Max LIFE)
Consequences for Victim
• Rape Trauma Syndrome: group of symptoms and behaviours that are frequent after-effects of
being raped
o Acute Phase: (lasts a few days to a few weeks) → high level of fear, depression and
anxiety, will likely engage in self-blame, heightened levels of distrust and guilt
o Long Term: reactions usually include the development of phobias, the development of
sexual problems, and depression
• PTSD: anxiety disorder that can develop in response to exposure to an extremely traumatic
event
o STUDY of PTSD over 9 month period:
▪ Longer than one month: 60%
▪ 9 months later: 30% of the 60% still had symptoms (18% overall)
▪ 16.5% of rape victims had PTSD 15 years after the rape
Classification of Sexual Offenders
• Voyeur: obtain sexual gratification by observing unsuspecting people who are either naked, in
the process of undressing, or engaging in sexual activity
• Exhibitionist: sexual gratification by exposing their genitals to strangers
• Rapist: person who sexually assaults victims over 16 years of age
• Pedophile: person whose primary sexual orientation is towards children
• Child Molester: someone who has actually sexually molested a child
o Intra-Familial: also known as incest offenders; sexually abuse their own biological
children or children for whom they assume a parental role
o Extra-Familial: child molesters – sexually abuse children not related to them
The Development of Sexually Coercive Behaviour
• Three-Path Model: 3 personality traits define the 3 paths that lead to sexually violent behaviour
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o Very often sexual offenders were the victims of sexual abuse or physical abuse when
they were kids
1. Sexual Drive (sexual abuse): high sex drive
2. Anti-Social Behaviour (physical/sexual abuse): anger, aggression
3. Callous/Unemotionality (physical/verbal abuse): arrogant and show emotional
detachment
• Those who commit sexual assault tend to be young (less 25, 16% are younger than 18)
• Presence of a wide spectrum of anti-social behaviour across their early life span
• High Recidivism rate: 1/3 after being released will be arrested for a sexual crime within 3 years
• More than 80% of sexual assaults are interracial
• Weapons used in ~18% of cases
• In terms of killing their victims, it mostly happens when the victims are strangers
6 Variables
1. Social Competence
2. Aggression
3. Sexual Fantasies
4. Sadism
5. Impulsivity
6. Naive
Social Competence: mostly poor social interpersonal skills, but varies for each individual
Aggression: the violence component
• Instrumental: usually used to gain compliance, usually no anger present unless the victim
does’t opl
• Expressive: used to hurt or humiliate the victim. The violence is beyond what is needed to
simply gain compliance
Sexual Fantasies: precursor of deviant sexual behaviour
• Mental imagery that is sexually arousing
• Of men who were convicted for sexual homicide, about 80% had fantasies of sexual abuse and
killing
Sadism: cruel, malicious acts that are usually arousing to the offender
• Sadistic offenders tend to target people they know
Impulsivity: strong predictor of recidivism and frequency of offending
Naïve Beliefs: justifying attitudes for the offence
• Tends to be present with males who commit rape
• “oehat peset aog geeal ale populatio woe say they do’t wat it, but they
do
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
4 Types of Rapists
Opportunistic Rapist
• Two types, differ in social competence
o Type 1: social competence; they develop their impulsivity later in life
o Type 2: less social competence; tend to have high impulsivity even as a child
• They are driven by the opportunity, not the fantasy
• Usually occurs in another antisocial act (ex: robbing a store and then engaging in sexual offense)
• Driven by impulsivity → leads to other criminal behaviour
• Tend to not show empathy; tend to see the victim as an object
• Usually you see the pattern of anti-social behaviour throughout their life
• Use force for compliance ONLY, no expressive aggression
Pervasively Angry
• Angry at everything, both men and women
• When they attack women, they lack sexual arousal
• Inflict considerable injury to their victims
• According to a group of researchers:
o Low Social Competence Psychopaths: pervasively angry
o High Social Competence Psychopaths: opportunistic
• Those who are pervasively angry usually have a stable job
• Wok at taditioall asulie jos
• The attack is almost always unplanned
Sexually Motivated Rapist
Sadistic
• Overt: directly expressed
o Sexually aroused by inflicting pain
o Any resistance is seen as a gain → reason for them to become more aggressive
o Sometimes too violent, may end up in murder
o They tend to believe their victims enjoy being abused
o Often married with little commitment to their marriage
o Own paraphernalia
• Mute: just fatasized the a theate the iti, ut do’t iflit pai
o “euall aoused iti’s fea
Non-Sadistic
• Prompted by specific stimuli in the victims (i.e. Blondes)
• Not very aggressive
• Motivation is to provide sexual prowess
• Also believe that the victims resistance is a game and they believe once they prove how good of
a lover they are, the victim will come back for more
• Often strangers
• Tpiall do’t hae a othe ati-social behaviour
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Sexual assault (cid:862)any non-consensual sexual act by either a male or female person to either a male or female person, regardless of the relationship between the people involved(cid:863) Bodily harm = not permanent (max 14 years: aggravated sexual assault: the most severe; sexual assault with permanent bodily harm such as disfigu(cid:396)atio(cid:374), (cid:373)utilatio(cid:374), o(cid:396) the pe(cid:396)so(cid:374)"s life (cid:449)as i(cid:374) da(cid:374)ge(cid:396) (cid:894)e(cid:454): (cid:272)o(cid:373)a(cid:895) (cid:894)max life) Longer than one month: 60: 9 months later: 30% of the 60% still had symptoms (18% overall, 16. 5% of rape victims had ptsd 15 years after the rape. Intra-familial: also known as incest offenders; sexually abuse their own biological children or children for whom they assume a parental role: extra-familial: child molesters sexually abuse children not related to them. In terms of killing their victims, it mostly happens when the victims are strangers. 6 variables: social competence, aggression, sexual fantasies, sadism, naive. Social competence: mostly poor social interpersonal skills, but varies for each individual.
