PSY 2105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Moral Reasoning, Rationality, Social Order

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Intentional attempts to cause harm: requires some self-awareness. Physical verbal relational: physical use body to harm, relation harm to relationships or self-esteem, verbal can fall into either type. Direct physical aggression towards others, insulting another, threatening to exclude a person. Indirect destruction of objects or property, gossiping, inciting others to insult another person, spreading rumours, building alliances against a person. Proactive instrumental aggression: used to achieve a goal. Reactive hostile aggression: used to hurt others, return slights, etc. 18 months to 3 years increase in aggression. Decline from 3 to 8: better self-control, move away from physical aggression and towards verbal, verbal agression is linked to the emergence of relational. People are questioning whether we are born with the urge to help. Nativist would say that we are born to help and we are moral beings. Helping 14 to 18 months: instrumental helping helping someone who can"t complete a task. Comforting 24 months: empathic helping helping someone who is upset.

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