PAP 3370 Lecture 7: PAP 3370 Lecture 7 January 27th 2011.docx

• School: University of Ottawa
• Department: Public Administration
• Course: PAP 3370
• Professor: Frank Ohemeng

Document Summary

Management principles can be applied in a universal way. Managerial knowledge may be transferred from one country to another or from one organization to another organization within the same country. The concept of universality of management is therefore subject to two connotations. Management principles can be successfully applied to different kinds of organizations such as business enterprise, hospitals, public organizations etc. Management principles are applicable to different economic systems of the world. Some scholars argue that management as a process is universal. It means that the fundamental functions of planning, organizing and controlling are basic and are performed by all managers regardless of the type of enterprise or organization. Management techniques are tools for performing managerial functions. Application of management fundamentals may vary in different situations but not the fundamentals themselves. The principles, concepts and skills of management are therefore universal (only the practices change)