BIO153H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Peptidoglycan, Eukaryote, Monophyly
Document Summary
One of the stars: e. coli creating another kingdom. Within 4 years, disease spread took centuries for europe to settle back in. Europe came from warm climate to ice age --> poor harvest. famine. Produce oxygen as a byproduct from photosynthesis. Oxygen is a better e- acceptor than other chemicals. B/c of large energy release in metabolic pathways we can think of evolution of eukaryotes. Without cyanobacteria there would not be enough oxygen. Yaxis: oxygen concentration every o2 molecule oxidized with other metals. Aristotle (384-322 bc) only recognized 2 kingdoms: plants and animals. Trees become more complicated : eernst haeckel (1866) Drew phylogenetic tree, have third branch of protists. Bacteria & archaea --> monophyletic/sister groups ribosome 2 parts: large subunit and small subunit contain rna. crucial organisms of cellular respiration. Monophyletic groups have changed: archaea & eukarya monophyletic group (more evidence) Paraphyletic - group one part of tree doesnt belong there. -> branch should be with eukaryotes for old pic.
