BIO153H5 Lecture Notes - Mitosis, Glaucophyte, Gametophyte

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Earliest eukaryote = single celled org, nucleus, endomembrane system, mitochondria, cytoskeleton, no cell wall. Common ancestor of eukaryote lacked cell wall. Eukaryotic flagella = made of microtubules, dynein, undulating motion occur. Bacteria+archaea = made of protein flagellin, rotating motion. Nuclear envelope: hypothesis - derived from infoldings of plasma membrane; may have given rise to er too. Evidence - infoldings of plasma membrane occur in some bacteria today; nuclear envelope of er is continuous. Rna transcripts = inside nucleus; translation = outside. Allowed for alternative splicing and other forms of rna processing; control gene expression. New way to manage and process genetic info. Organelles that generate atp using pyruvate as e- donor and o as e- acceptor. Proposed mitochondria originated when bacterial cell took up residence inside eukaryote. Eukaryotic cells started to use cytoskeletal elements to surround and engulf smaller prey. Instead of being digested/engulfed, bacteria lived inside host.

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