BIO210Y5 Lecture Notes - Cambrian, Cambrian Explosion, Sirius Passet

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sangriatiger167

2 Aug 2012

School

UTM

Department

Biology

Course

BIO210Y5

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Document Summary

Chapter 21- the history of life on earth. Fossils- the preserved remains of ancient organisms. Age of rocks cannot be determined by just looking at them, but the age of rocks can only be determined when comparing one another. Strata- oldest layers in rocks; are known to lie at the bottom, and successively higher strata are progressively younger. Radioactivity- a method of dating rocks; discovered at the beginning of the twentieth century. Half-life- a successive time interval in which half of the remaining radioactive material of the radioisotope decays, either changing into another element or becoming the stable isotope of the same element. For 14c, production in the upper atmosphere is about equal to its natural decay. When an organism dies, it is no longer incorporating 14c from the environment. The 14c that was present in the body decays with no replacement and the ratio of 14c to 12c decreases.

Related Questions

The island of Madagascar is located just off the SE coast ofAfrica, in the Indian Ocean. Scientists find species on this islandthat have close biological relatives in both Australia and India.They also find that at each location there are fossils of similarorganisms. What is the most likely explanation for this similaritybetween organisms in Madagascar, India, and Australia?

A. The organisms were introduced to all three places byextraterrestrial beings.

B. The ancestor of these organisms lived on a landmass long agothat included Madagascar, India, and Australia.

C. These organisms were moved back and forth to these differentplaces by humans in recent geological history.

D. These organisms independently arose by natural selection ineach location.

E. They are on the same side of Wallaceâs line.

tanfox488

It's a quiz for my life science class.

QUESTION 1

Organisms that have descended from the same initial group and have the ability to interbreed belong to the same

	A.	species.
	B.	family.
	C.	class.
	D.	genus.
	E.	order.

5 points

QUESTION 2

The simplest entity that exhibits all of the properties of life is called a(n)

	A.	molecule.
	B.	cell.
	C.	organism.
	D.	tissue.

5 points

QUESTION 3

In populations, adaptation usually arises through

	A.	responsiveness.
	B.	heredity.
	C.	metabolism.
	D.	natural selection.
	E.	development.

5 points

QUESTION 4

Scientists have found that ancient fossils

	A.	are less similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	B.	are just as similar to present-day organisms as more recent fossils.
	C.	are more similar to present-day organisms than more recent fossils.
	D.	are very similar to present-day organisms.
	E.	bear no resemblance to present-day organisms.

5 points

QUESTION 5

What is the term that describes the study of the relationship between living things and components of their environment?

	A.	herpetology
	B.	analogy
	C.	zoology
	D.	ecology
	E.	ichnology

5 points

QUESTION 6

Characteristics usually associated with life include all of the following except:

	A.	motility.
	B.	a high degree of organization.
	C.	lack of change from generation to generation.
	D.	reproduction.
	E.	responsiveness to stimuli.

5 points

QUESTION 7

The scientific name for the black-footed ferret is Mustela nigripes. The name Mustela indicates the _____________________ to which the organisms belongs.

	A.	phylum
	B.	class
	C.	family
	D.	species
	E.	genus

5 points

QUESTION 8

Which of the following is considered to be the most basic living unit?

	A.	organ system
	B.	molecule
	C.	organelle
	D.	cell
	E.	tissue

5 points

QUESTION 9

Which of the following concepts best describes the wide variety of dog species we observe, ranging from the domesticated golden retriever or the basset hound, to the wild dogs of Africa, to foxes?

	A.	preadaptation
	B.	special creation
	C.	inheritance of acquired characteristics.
	D.	taxonomy
	E.	evolution

5 points

QUESTION 10

If an ecologist is studying the cycling of carbon through a particular environment (which involes the movement of carbon through living things as well as through rock, air, and water), the scientist is studying at what level of ecology?

	A.	organismal
	B.	community
	C.	ecosystem
	D.	population
	E.	biosphere

5 points

QUESTION 11

Which list is organized from smallest to largest level of organization of life?

	A.	organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells, organelles
	B.	organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
	C.	organelles, tissues, cells, organ systems, organs, organisms
	D.	tissues, cells, organelles, organs, organ systems, organisms
	E.	cells, tissues, organ systems, organelles, organs, organisms

5 points

QUESTION 12

When examining the hierarchy of life, which of the following terms is most inclusive?

	A.	biosphere
	B.	population
	C.	species
	D.	ecosystem

5 points

QUESTION 13

The units of inheritance are

	A.	evolutions.
	B.	heredities.
	C.	genes
	D.	twins.
	E.	metabolic activities.

5 points

QUESTION 14

Organisms that undergo asexual reproduction

	A.	require another organism to reproduce.
	B.	are usually very complex.
	C.	produce offspring that are different from each other.
	D.	do not require energy to reproduce.
	E.	produce offspring that are identical to each other and to the parent.

5 points

QUESTION 15

All the living organisms in a particular area at a particular time make up a

	A.	biosphere.
	B.	community.
	C.	biosystem.
	D.	population.
	E.	ecosystem.

5 points

QUESTION 16

The first step in the scientific method is to

	A.	identify a problem.
	B.	predict the results of an experiment.
	C.	propose a solution.
	D.	draw a conclusion.
	E.	perform an experiment.

5 points

QUESTION 17

Young multicelled organisms usually start out small, then grow in size, and increase in complexity. This process is called:

	A.	heredity.
	B.	metabolism.
	C.	development.
	D.	evolution.
	E.	heredity.

5 points

QUESTION 18

To maintain order within their cells and organs, all living things must

	A.	carry on metabolism.
	B.	reproduce.
	C.	constantly change.
	D.	be able to move.
	E.	extract energy from sunlight.

5 points

QUESTION 19

Which of the following includes Highest levels of hierarchy?

	A.	family
	B.	phylum
	C.	domain
	D.	kingdom
	E.	order

5 points

QUESTION 20

Fungi are classified into which domain?

	A.	Archaea
	B.	Eukarya
	C.	Bacteria
	D.	Fungi

erinhare264

1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution?

(a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from onegeneration to the next

because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive success andpassed the trait to

their offspring

(b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost theirhindlimbs

oxygen levels

(d) All of the above are examples of evolution

2. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposed:

(a) bacteria represent some of the youngest species on earth

(b) organisms can adapt to their environment

(d) all of the above

(e) none of the above

3. Carlos Linnaeus:

(a) devised a system of taxonomy that is still used today

(b) accepted the idea that most of lifeï¿½s diversity arosethrough the process of evolution

(d) a and b are correct

(e) a and c are correct

4. On what point(s) would Charles Darwin and Jean-BaptisteLamarck have agreed:

(a) adaptation occurs when individuals change to adapt to theirenvironment

(b) life is spontaneously generated all the time

(d) simple organisms have existed for a shorter period of timethan complex organisms

(e) they would have disagreed on all of these points

5. Several scientists have argued that life likely existed asfar back as 3.7 billion years ago. They base this claim on:

(a) the presence of biomarkers in rocks of that age

(b) fossils of stromatolites in rocks of that age

(d) the presence of tiny blobs of mineral-rich fluids in rocksof that age

6. The earliest generally accepted fossils of living organismsare:

(a) yeasts

(b) stromatolites

(d) carbon isotopes

7. The transition of from single-celled to multi-celledorganisms:

(a) happened once

(b) happened on multiple occasions

(d) a and c are correct

(e) b and c are correct

8. The earliest animal fossils appear similar to modern day:

(a) sponges

(b) archaea

(d) jellyfish

9. Tetrapods include:

(a) organisms descended from ancestors with four limbs

(b) birds

(d) all of the above

10. Based on current fossil evidence:

(a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolvedpeg-like teeth or baleen

(b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fullyaquatic

mammals

(d) a and c are correct

(e) b and c are correct

BIO210Y5 Lecture Notes - Cambrian, Cambrian Explosion, Sirius Passet

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