BIO374H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Pichia Pastoris, Gram Staining, Affinity Chromatography
Document Summary
Mostly bacteria but also include viruses, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Bacteria are much smaller at 1-5 micrometers, whereas euks are 10-100 micrometers. Bacteria have a gram stain, gram positive stain purple and have simple cell wall structures rich in. Peptidoglycan, gram negative are pink and have less peptidoglycan. Spherical bacteria called cocci, rod shaped bacilli, corkscrew or spirillar. Staphylococci live on our skin and are spherical. Can create mutant bacteria by exposing it to uv, xray get mutagens. Yeast producing recombo human antibodies have been generated. Important source of antibiotics and drugs that lower cholesterol. First ones available were dna pols and rnas. Taq polymerase is a thermostable enzyme so it"s a thermophile. Cells only take up bacteria once they are made competent. Cells then heated between 37 and 42, and then dna enters the cells. Grow in culture broth and then plated onto agar medium containing antibiotics. Only transformed cells will grow to make colonies (antibiotic selection).
