ECO202Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Autarky, Market Power, Root Mean Square

73 views4 pages

whitebeaver655

5 Jan 2017

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Explains uctuations around a given level of output (the natural output) Wiggles on the graph are short run and straight line mixed with wiggles is the medium run. In the long run, output growth is just a straight line. In is-lm model, output is determined by equilibrium in goods and nancial markets. Rms supplied whatever was demanded in the short run. Two assumptions: expected price = price (prices do not change, so expectations are always right), and producers produce however much is demanded. We"re gonna work with a closed economy (nx = 0) The wiggles come from being wrong about what we think prices are going to be in the short run. This will effect prices through the setting of wages, which in turn affects rm decisions. Our expectations affect the nominal wage we set, which affect the cost, which affects price levels charged for production.

Related Questions

1) As the unemployment rate rises:

A) the separation rate decreases.

B) the young and unskilled experience lower-than-average increases in unemployment.

C) the young and skilled experience larger-than-average increases in unemployment.

D) the young and unskilled experience larger-than-average increases in unemployment.

E) the proportion of the unemployed finding a job increases.

2) The natural level of employment will increase when which of the following occurs?

A) a decrease in the markup of prices over costs

B) an increase in the natural level of output

C) an increase in the actual unemployment rate

D) an increase in unemployment benefits

E) an increase in the markup of prices over costs

3) Suppose workers and firms expect the overall price level to increase by 4%. Given this information, we would expect that:

A) the real wage will decrease by 4%.

B) the real wage will increase by 4%.

C) the nominal wage will increase by less than 4%.

D) the nominal wage will increase by more than 4%.

E) the nominal wage will increase by exactly 4%.

4) An increase in the minimum wage will cause:

A) a reduction in the equilibrium real wage.

B) an increase in the natural rate of unemployment.

C) an increase in the equilibrium real wage.
D) a decrease in the natural rate of unemployment.

E) no change in the natural rate of unemployment.

5) In the aggregate demand relation, a reduction in the price level causes output to increase because of its effect on:

A) firms' markup over labor costs.

B) the nominal wage.

C) the interest rate.

D) the expected price level.

E) government spending.

6) The short-run aggregate supply curve (AS) is upward sloping because:

A) an increase in output causes an increase in employment, a reduction in unemployment, an increase in the nominal wage, and an increase in the price level.

B) a reduction in the aggregate price level causes a reduction in nominal money demand and a reduction in the interest rate.

C) a reduction in the aggregate price level (P) will cause a reduction in the interest rate and an increase in output.

D) an increase in the aggregate price level will cause an increase in the interest rate and a reduction in output.

E) an increase in the nominal wage causes a reduction in the amount of output that firms are willing to produce.

7) Assume that the economy is initially operating at the natural level of output. A simultaneous expansionary monetary policy and an increase in oil prices will cause which of the following?

A) an increase in output and a reduction in the interest rate in the short run

B) a reduction in output and an increase in the interest rate in the short run

C) a reduction in output and a reduction in the interest rate in the short run

D) an ambiguous effect in output and an increase in the price level in the short run

E) an ambiguous effect in output and a reduction in the price level in the short run

8) Assume that the economy is initially operating at the natural level of output. A one-time 4% reduction in the nominal money supply will cause:

A) a 4% increase in the price level in the medium run.

B) a 4% reduction in the price level in the medium run.

C) a 4% increase in the real money supply in the medium run.

D) a 4% increase in the interest rate (i) in the medium run.

E) a 4% reduction in investment in the medium run.

9) The original Phillips curve implied that:

A) the markup over labor costs is zero.

B) the expected inflation rate is equal to last year's inflation rate.

C) a lower rate of unemployment causes an increase in the rate of inflation.

D) the inflation is always zero.

E) the expected inflation is always zero.

10) In the Phillips curve equation, which of the following will NOT cause a rise in the current inflation rate?

A) a rise in the minimum wage

B) a rise in the expected inflation rate

C) a rise in the employment insurance

D) a drop in the markup

E) a fall in the unemployment rate

2. Using the AS and AD, WS and PS, and IS-LM graphs, illustrate and explain the short run and medium run effects of less stringent enforcement of existing antitrust legislation (Monopolist market power increased) . Explain what happens to P, Y, I, W/P, I and u.

sangriaskunk963

1. Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?
a. Congress reduces purchases of new weapons systems.
b. US exports increase.
c. The price level falls
d. New developments in IT increase the productivity of most manufacturing industries in the US.

2. Suppose the EPA introduces new smog regulation that makes it costlier to produce cars. As a result, aggregate supply falls (primary effect) and firms cut back on production. With less output in the economy available for consumers, consumers bid up the prices of available output. With higher prices, firms choose to produce more (secondary effect).
Which of the following best explains what the net effect on GDP?
a. The two effects should essentially cancel out, with little to no effect on GDP, but the price level clearly rises.
b. It is impossible to say what happens to GDP without being able to compare the magnitudes of the two effects.
c. Real GDP rises as the secondary effect dominates the primary effect.
d. Real GDP falls since the primary effect dominates the secondary effect.

3. A Keynesian economist who observes an output gap would conclude that
a. aggregate demand should be shifted to the right.
b. a policy of deregulation would be better than demand management policy
c. aggregate supply should be shifted to the right
d. All proposed answer options are correct

4. Monetarists believe
a. the Aggregate Supply curve is upward-sloping (but not vertical) over all time frames.
b. the Aggregate Supply curve can be treated as horizontal in the long run (over 10 years
c. the Aggregate Supply curve is vertical only in the very long run (over 20 years).
d. the Aggregate Supply curve can be treated as vertical in the short-to-medium run (1-2 years)

5. Suppose the price of oil increases due to conflict in the Middle East. How will this be illustrated in the AD-AS model?
a. The aggregate demand curve will shift to the left
b. The aggregate supply curve will shift to the left.
c. The aggregate demand curve will shift to the right
d. The aggregate supply curve will shift to the right

6. Assume a Keynesian AS curve. In the short run, when there is a large output gap
a. contractionary demand management policy is likely to be highly inflationary
b. expansionary demand management policy does not cause much inflation.
c. expansionary demand management policy is likely to be highly inflationary
d. the government should use contractionary demand management policy

7. As a result of Bush tax cuts that partially expired in January 2013, the marginal tax rates for some households increased and these households paid higher taxes. Which of the following would be the best description of the tax cut expiration?
a. Rightward shift in AS
b. Rightward shift in AD
c. Leftward shift in AD
d. Leftward shift in AS

8. Suppose that the U.S. government increases income taxes on individuals earning more than $500,000/year and uses the revenue from this tax increase to subsidize the cost of energy for businesses. How will this policy change affect the U.S. economy?
a. The effect on output is ambiguous but price level will decrease for sure
b. The effect on both output and price level is ambiguous.
c. The effect on price level is ambiguous but output will increase for sure
d. The effect on price level is ambiguous but output will decrease for sure

9. If Australia, which imports goods from the United States, went into recession, we would expect that U.S. net exports would
a. rise, making aggregate demand shift right.
b. rise, making aggregate demand shift left
c. fall, making aggregate demand shift left
d. fall, making aggregate demand shift right

10. Suppose that Greece decides to exit the European Union and the Euro Zone, causing a boost in business confidence in European markets. How would you illustrate the primary effect of Greeceâs decision in the AD-AS model for the EU economy?

Note: for this question, assume that Y in the AD-AS model represents output (GDP) of EU member countries without Greece.
a. a shift in the aggregate supply curve to the left and a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the left
b. a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the right
c. a shift in the aggregate demand curve to the left
d. movement along the aggregate demand curve to the left

11. The Austrian school of thought believes that demand management policy should not be used because
a. big government prefers deregulation, which shifts aggregate supply
b. the economy is always at full employment
c. shifting AD to the right is likely to cause deflation
d. big government has a bias towards inflationary policy

rosedolphin326

1. Menu costs are:

A) the costs of materials.

B) the cost of changing prices.

C) particularly low when inflation is high.

D) a reason that the inflation rate typically underestimates true price level changes.

2. A market basket costs $150 to buy in the base year and $60 to buy in year X.

A. the price index for year X is 250.

B. Year X probably occurred after the base year.

C. Year X is the base year.

D. the price index for year X is .4 or 40%.

3. A traditional expansionary gap is created when the aggregate demand curve moves to the:

A. right of the natural rate of output; inflation rises and unemployment falls.

B. left of the natural rate of output; inflation falls and unemployment rises.

C. right of the natural rate of output; inflation falls and unemployment rises.

D. left of the natural rate of output; inflation rises and unemployment falls.

4. Consumers change their purchases and move ALONG the same consumption function when:

A) Their income changes

B) Their tastes change

C) The price level changes

D) All of the above.

5. If MPC is .75 then if consumer income rises by $10,000 we would predict that consumption will:

A. rise by $7500 while savings fall by $2500.

B. fall by $2500 while savings rise by $7500.

C. rise by $7500 while savings rise by $2500.

D. fall by $2500 while savings fall by $7500.

6. Autonomous consumption is

A. that part of consumption that rises or falls with changes in disposable income.
B. the minimum that people will spend even if disposable income is zero.
C. the amount people will spend when the C line crosses the 45-degree line.
D. the amount people will spend when income is equal to consumption.

7. A low rate of investment could be explained by a

A. low rate of saving and low-interest rates.
B. low rate of saving and high-interest rates.
C. high rate of saving and low-interest rates.
D. high rate of saving and high-interest rates.

8. Mr. A makes $40,000 a year; Ms. B makes $20,000 a year. Mr. A pays $6,000 in taxes while Ms. B pays $4,000 in taxes. Which of the following is true?

A. Taxes are progressive because Mr. A pays a higher dollar amount in taxes than Ms. B

B. Taxes are neutral because Mr. A makes more money before and after taxes than Ms. B.

C. Taxes are regressive because Mr. A pays a lower tax rate than Ms. B.

D. Taxes are progressive because Ms. B pays a lower dollar amount in tax.

9. The 45 degree line in the full AE model represents

A. all points where C = Y.

B. all points where AE = Y

C. all points where C + I = G + Xn

D. all points where C = I + G + Xn

10. International trade:

A. Allows countries to specialize in the goods at which they are best at producing.

B. can increase the goods and services both trading partners have.

C. can be unbalanced where one partner exports more to the other than the other way around.

D. all of the above.

11. If AD rises in the short run:

A. it pushes up the price level.

B. it decreases national output.

C. increases full employment.

D. all of the above.

12. We cut down trees and sell the timber for $8000. The timber is sawn up into lumber that sells for $18,000. The lumber is used to build furniture that sells to consumers for $30,000.

A. $30,000 goes into GDP.

B. $4000 goes into GDP.

C. $56,000 goes into GDP.

D. $22,000 goes into GDP.

13. The long-run annual growth rate of the U.S. economy tends to be about:

A. 1% or less.

B. 2%

C. 5%

D. 10% or more.

coffeemuskrat250

ECO202Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Autarky, Market Power, Root Mean Square

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Principles of Economics

Principles of Macroeconomics

Principles of Microeconomics

Related Documents

ECO202Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Money Supply, Aggregate Demand, Financial Market

ECON 20B Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Aggregate Supply, Aggregate Demand, Root Mean Square

ECON 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Consumption Function, Fiscal Policy, Proportional Tax

Related Questions