ENV100Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Stabilizing Selection, Sympatric Speciation, Doubling Time

Which of the following provides evidence for evolution?

Which one of the following statements is true?

Which one of the following can create new alleles?

Which of the following is true concerning evolution?

All living things need carbon. How does carbon enter the living portion of an ecosystem?

The burning of fossil fuels:

__________ conducts water and dissolved minerals from the __________ to the ___________.

What is a disadvantage of growing traditional crops such as corn, soy or sugar cane for making biofuel?

______ is the source of the oxygen gas released by a photosystem.

Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water?

Random, chance events that change allele frequencies are knownas:

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Question 21 pts

What type of selection acts to maintain the two extremephenotypic variants in a population?

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Question 31 pts

Approximately, how much of our DNA is shared with our closestrelatives, chimpanzees?

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Question 41 pts

The large canines of male baboons are likely the result of________, while the fact that some male baboons are very colorfulis probably the result of _______.

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Question 51 pts

Negative assortative mating results in an increased frequency ofhomozygous genotypes within a population.

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Question 61 pts

Genetic evidence suggests that humans and Neandertals neverinterbred.

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Question 71 pts

The specific variant of the FOXP2 gene associated with languageacquisition in humans is found in both humans and Neandertals.

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Question 81 pts

Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from paleto dark after pollution from factories resulted in coating treetrunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is trueconcerning industrial melanism?

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Question 91 pts

Patterns of evolution can be seen above the species level

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Question 101 pts

Inbreeding is problematic because it increases the probabilitythat offspring inherit two copies of a recessive mutation thatcauses disease.

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Question 111 pts

As a species, cheetahs seem to have a high risk of extinctionbecause:

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Question 121 pts

A strand of DNA undergoes mutation. Which mutation occurred?

Original DNA- GGA CTC TTA CCC CAC GGA

Mutated DNA- GGG CTC TTA CCC CAC GGA

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Question 131 pts

A change from one nucleotide to another nucleotide is known as awhat?

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Question 141 pts

A change from one nucleotide to another nucleotide is known as awhat?

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Question 151 pts

According to the Typological Species Concept, species are:

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Question 161 pts

Recognizing reproductive isolation is key to defining speciesunder the Biological Species Concept.

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Question 171 pts

The binomial system of classification was developed by:

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Question 181 pts

A derived trait, unique to a particular taxon within a givencladogram is called:

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Question 191 pts

Analogy, and not homology, is useful for reconstructingevolutionary history.

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Question 201 pts

A phylogeny is which of the following:

Messenger RNA (mRNA)...

a) Is a structural part of a ribosome

b) Brings amino acids to DNA

c) Carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

d) Is a structural part of a chromosome

e) Initiates and directs chemical reactions

Mr. Potato is homozygous dominant (KK), his son, Potato Jr. is heterozygous (Kk). Based on this information, what are the possible genotypes for Mrs. Potato? (Hint: use a Punnet Square).

a) Her genotype is definitely kk

b) Her genotype is either Kk or kk

c) Her genotype is either KK or Kk

d) Her genotype is either KK, or Kk, or kk

e) Mr. Potato cannot be Potato Jr’s biological father

12. Homologous chromosomes:

a) Are members of different chromosome pairs

b) Are genetically identical

c) Carry genetic information that influences the same traits (same genes but probably different alleles)

d) Are only inherited from the mother

e) Are only inherited from the father.

“Fitness” in an evolutionary sense, refers to an individual’s:

a) Strength

b) Reproductive success

c) Aggressiveness

d) Size

e) Age at death

The fact that individuals who possess favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than those who possess less favorable traits is the basis for the theory of...

a) uniformitarianism.

b) natural selection.

c) the inheritance of acquired characteristics.

d) catastrophism.

e) the fixity of species.

Even with strong selection, genetic variation of a population can be maintained because:

a) Selection only affects one gene at a time.

b) The effects of many alleles are hidden from selection by the effects of other alleles

c) Mutation constantly adds new alleles at an extremely fast rate.

d) Populations always go extinct before their gene frequencies are dramatically altered.

e) Only a and c

Gene Flow is defined as the:
a) Production of new alleles
b) New musical group in which Adam Levine will be the leading vocalist
c) Exchange of genes between populations
d) differential reproductive success of individuals
e) Process by which a DNA base gets extracted out of the nucleus to initiate the process of protein synthesis.

The basic unit of DNA is a molecule called a: a) Nucleotide

b) Base
c) Thymine
d) Prokaryoticcell e) mRNA

How many bases code for one amino acid? a) one

b) two
c) it depends on what amino acid it is d) three
e) four

Hemophilia is a condition that affects: a) more females than males
b) more males than females
c) females and males equally

d) only children born prematurely
e) individuals with a missing portion of chromosome number 5

A clear example of directional selection is:
a) Darwin finches with deeper and thicker beaks associated to a severe drought b) Sickle cell anemia in regions in which Malaria is endemic
c) Achondroplasticdwarfism
d) Fly halteres becoming fully developed wings after modification of a hox gene e) all of the above

Meiosis is evolutionarily significant because:
a) New combination of alleles can arise through independent assortment and crossing over

22.

23.

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25.

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b) It is the mechanism by which body tissues are repaired
c) It creates somatic cells that are crucial for our body organs to maintain us alive d) It allows forensics to determine the cause of death of unidentified people
e) none of the above

Homologous chromosomes:

a) Are exact copies of each other and contain exactly the same genetic material
b) Are members of different chromosome pairs
c) Are only inherited from the father
d) carry genetic information that influences the same traits (the same genes), however, each of the homologous chromosomes can contain different versions of the same gene (different alleles).

e) carry genetic information that influences different traits because each of the homologous chromosomes contains completely different genes at very different loci

How many chromosome pairs occur in a normal human somatic cell?

a) 46 b) 23 c) 22 d) 24 e) 45

What is the scientific method? Use bullet points to describe the 4 major components.

How is a hypothesis different from a theory?

List the four major components (described during class) necessary for natural selection to occur [AKA Darwin’s Four Postulates] (PDF1-3).

27. Who was Thomas Malthus? In what way(s) Malthus was influential for Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection? Hint: populations vs resources.

29. What amino acids are being coded for by the gene segment provided below? Nucleotide triplets and their corresponding amino acids are:
ACA= Cysteine; AAA=Phenylalanine; TGG=Threonine; CCT=Glycine; GAT=Leucine; ATA=Tyrosine; AGG=Serine; TCT=Arginine

a) Threonine, serine, glycine, tyrosine, leucine, phenylalanine, arginine, cysteine.

b) Tyrosine, leucine, glycine, threonine, arginine, threonine, serine, cysteine.

c) Arginine, cysteine, serine, glycine, threonine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine.

d) Phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, arginine.

e) Phenylalanine, leucine, tyrosine, glycine, threonine, phenylalanine, arginine, serine.