ENV100Y5 Lecture : env100 note 58.docx

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lemonherring372

28 Mar 2012

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Geographical information system: cartography(map making)+ database(technology)+ statistics(spatial) Allows you to visualize, question and interpret data on a large spatial scale. Help you to answer questions and solve problems. Government, natural resource managers, conservation organizations, universities, The acquisition of information on an object/area by use of a sensing device that is not in contact with the object /area under investigation. Step 1: find a turtle and follow it around. Step 2: measure the habitat that it uses. Step 3: map this habitat on a large scale. The snapping turtle is a species at risk. Suffered from decades of habitat loss and fragmentation: we do not know how many turtles are left. Long-lived species, late to mature, cannot sustain significant adult mortality. The mnr permits hunting of snapping turtdles: two per day, there is no way to regulate or even monitor how many turtles are being taken from the wild. Outline: cfcs, hcfcs, and stratospheric ozone, the atmospheric chemistry experiment.

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QUESTION 3

Which of the following would NOT be a good method for sortingout the evolutionary relationships between a parrot, gorilla,hippopotamus, starfish, and catfish?

		comparing the skeletal anatomy
		examining the habitat in which these organisms live
		looking at embryos for common developmental patterns
		comparing the nucleotide sequence divergence of selectedgenes
		all of the above would provide useful information

10 points

QUESTION 4

Which of these habitats should have the highest number ofendemic species (found there and nowhere else).

		grasslands of the central United States
		Hawaiian islands
		Amazonian rainforest basin
		Mississippi river

10 points

QUESTION 5

Darwin's concept of evolution "the theory of descent withmodification through variation and natural selection" can bedemonstrated by which of the following examples?

		A giraffe stretches his neck to reach higher branches. Theexercise of stretching up strengthens the muscles in the neck andlegs. This ability to stretch is also seen in the giraffe'soffspring.
		A monkey accidently drops her fruit in the salty water of a bay,she recovers the fruit and eats it. She discovers that the fruit iscleaner and tastes better after it has been in the salty water. Shecontinues to wash fruit in the bay before eating. Her offspring seewhat she has done and also wash their fruit in the salty water.Soon the whole population is washing their fruit
		Several turtles hatch from a clutch of eggs buried in the sandon a beach. One of the turtles is the color of the sand, the othersare darker in color. The turtles all scurry to the water, but oneby one the dark turtles are eaten by birds, only the sand coloredturtle survives. When it enters the water the sand color changes toa darker brown. The turtle grows, mates and has offspring that arealso sand colored when they are born
		A female alligator gives birth to a male alligator that has theability to change color to a bright white when it is in cold water.The baby male alligator is quickly spotted by a large bird of preyand eaten

10 points

QUESTION 6

During the Beagle journey, Darwin visited islands,allowing him to compare island species with continental species. Interms of framing his theory of evolution, why was thissignificant?

		Because the island species had both similarities to theircontinental ancestors and unique adaptations to their islandenvironments
		Because the island species no longer shared traits with theircontinental ancestors
		Because the species he saw on the islands had not changed fromtheir ancestral continental form
		Because the island species had very low reproductive andsurvival rates as compared with their continental ancestors

Question 5

The majority of water found on Earth is

Answers:	salt
	fresh water
	ice
	water vapor

____________

Question 13

Species that are purposely or accidentally introduced to a new geographical region

Answers:	frequently form hybrids with native species
	die out quickly
	can become serious pests by killing the native species
	experience increased mutation rates that help them adapt to the new ecosystem

______________

Match the following terms with correct definition.

Question
biome
population
ecosystem
community

All Answer Choices
A. all of the individuals of a species in a specific area
B. comprises all of the biotic and abiotic factors in a particular area
C. interacting species occupying a given habitat
D. large scale interactions of species defined on land by the type primary type of vegetation

_______________

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a species distributed in a random distribution?

Answers:

oak trees that drop their seeds to the ground

a herd of elephants traveling to the watering hole

dandelion seeds that are blowing in the wind

nesting penguins

________________

Question 33

________

Which of the following is a threat to biodiversity?

Answers:

habitat loss

overharvesting

climate change

all of the above

_____________

Some theories around why more diversity in species or areas known as [a] are found near the [b] are: more energy or greater [c] of the ecosystems, giving the opportunity for more [d].

Answers:

age

speciation

equator

size

hotspots

evolution

Question 402 pts

You go on an expedition to the mountain forests of the remote island of Halmahera, Indonesia. You discover a new species of arboreal primate that is only found deep in the forest. It is endemic to a single mountain range and is found nowhere else. Logging companies are beginning to explore the area and may start building roads soon in order to provide access to the remote forest for logging.

What effects could road building have on the primate population within the next 10 years?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)

Higher light penetration and lower relative humidity could make areas alongside the roads less suitable for the primates

The likelihood of contracting a new disease would increase in the primate population

Speciation could occur so that populations in isolated forest fragments could split into different species

Its population could increase because of the greater availability of forest edges for foraging

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Question 412 pts

Which of the below is NOT an example of an ecosystem service?

Pollination of crops by native bees

Revenue generated by clear-cutting of tropical dry forest

The presence of an intact forest maintaining constant water flow in streams throughout the dry season in a tropical region

Rainforest trees removing carbon from the atmosphere

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Question 422 pts

Climate change must be factored into the design of new conservation areas and in new land acquisitions made by current reserves. Which of the below types of habitat would be given highest priority for conservation in light of climate change?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)

Small isolated patches of habitat

Long and narrow areas of habitat that are oriented parallel to latitude

Patches of habitat that join existing conservation areas

Elevational gradients

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Question 432 pts

The Ngorongoro Crater lion population in Tanzania is isolated from nearby Serengeti lion populations. In 1962, the population crashed due to disease, dropping from 90 individuals to less than 20. The population of lions today is currently exhibiting a high rate of sperm abnormalities, which are rare outside the crater population. What is the likely cause of this?

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY (You may need to select more than one answer)

Matings between closely related individuals

Natural selection for fitter sperm phenotypes

Radiation from the crater that is causing new mutations

Lower genetic diversity than normal populations of lions due to a population bottleneck in 1962

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Question 442 pts

What is considered to be the most likely hypothesis for the cause of the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna?

Hunting by early humans

An asteroid collision that changed the climate

Massive volcanic eruptions that strengthened the greenhouse effect and led to global warming

The global radiation of marsupial mammals that outcompeted the megafauna and made them go extinct

Will rate when all are answered.

ENV100Y5 Lecture : env100 note 58.docx

ENV100Y5 Full Course Notes

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