GGR217H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Countercurrent Exchange, Insect Flight, Extracellular Fluid
Document Summary
Appreciate major physical, chemical and evolutionary barriers to animal life. Explain relationships between structure and function in animals. Oxygen is abundant in air and dissolved in water. Less available oxygen in a given volume of fluid. Need more energy to run an oxygen (cid:858)pu(cid:373)p(cid:859: breathi(cid:374)g is (cid:373)ore (cid:858)expe(cid:374)si(cid:448)e(cid:859) i(cid:374) water generally due to rate of diffusion of oxygen being less effective. Used to describe rate of diffusion (q) When you increase structure (volumetrically by 8 and area by 4) You need oxygen by a factor of 8. Limited by how much oxygen you can get (by area of 4) Anything to do with mass volume. Gills and lungs are structured to increase surface area. Animal with gills inside distilled water could potentially die unless they have a way of regulating it. Internal gills internal gills must be ventilated by a water current managed through cilia or muscles. Within each gill filament is gill lamellae: water moves opposite to blood flow.
