GGR217H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Partial Pressure, Cardiac Output, Hemolymph
Document Summary
Discuss general respiration advantages and disadvantages with respect to aquatic and terrestrial environments. Describe select respiratory structures and their evolution in aquatic and terrestrial animals. Explain relationships between respiratory structure and function in generalized aquatic and terrestrial animal systems. Compare concurrent, countercurrent, and crosscurrent exchange using specific animal examples. Gills: gill arch - larger blood vessels, gill filaments - smaller blood vessels, gill lamellae capillaries. Two complete cycles of inhalation and expiration for each breath of air. Blood flow is perpendicular to air flow: capillaries crossing blood vessels = crosscurrent exchange. Reciprocating (tidal) pattern rather than flow through pattern of fluid. Inspired volume of about 0. 5l delivered in about 3l volume of inspired gas. Left shift conditions: when oxygen is limited (in hypoxic environment), you have the need to grab all that is available, there is a massive loss of blood when there is extreme stress to the body.