LIN101H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Language Death, Obstruent, Nasalization
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LIN101H5 Full Course Notes
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"kentum tsentum sentum s ntum s tum so epenthesis came in: consonant deletion s tum, word final consonant deletion s tu, apocope, unstressed syllable deletion s t s . 60% of world"s languages are currently at risk few children are learning/spea: mandarin is the most widely spoken language, english is 3rd, only cree, ojibwe, inuktitut, & d ne sulin have a chance of surviving. 1974 speaking it at home d its forms scientific knowledge r grow up speaking it. ent language ology, and vocabulary languages into groups enetic relationships eristics: dencies. Consonant system universals dencies racteristics el systems one low vowel; the more than 9 are rare. Implicational universals: consonant systems tables on page 226 and 227: voiceless obstruent"s [unmarked] (p,t,k) > voiced obstruent"s [marked] (b, d, stops [unmarked] > fricatives [marked, stops > fricatives > affricates. Extreme languages: fewest consonants and phonemes: rotokas 3 & 11, fewest vowels: abkhaz 2, greatest number of phonemes: !x 77 consonants, 31 vowels.
