POL242Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Statistical Significance, Standard Deviation, Sampling Distribution
28 Sep 2020
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Pol242 july 8: the t-distribution, confidence intervals, and sample proportions. Null hypothesis: when you transform a research hypothesis into the opposite, making a positive into a negative. For example, democrats are unlikely to have more favourable attitudes toward environment than republicans . It does not necessarily have to be negative but rather opposite of the research hypothesis. If you can reject the null, you can approve the research hypothesis. Substantive finding: tells us what the result is. Statistical finding: tells us whether the result is out of error or if it is the actual case that would happen 95% of the time out of 100. Chi-square: evaluates the level of statistical significance attained by a bivariate relationship in a cross-tabulation. This test tells us whether the results our analysis shows is statistically significant or not. Intuitively, chi-square tests asks how closely the null expectations fit the data.
