PHL145H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Well-Founded Relation, Welfare Fraud
Document Summary
Direct evidence if believed proves a matter of fact. Analysis can never be evidence - it require interpretation. Spot of blood can be direct evidence, but it depends on what you are seeking evidence for. To point out errors of relevance, adequacy and acceptability, it is best to reconstruct the argument (identity premises including missing premises and its conclusion, and what the structure of the argument is) Similar structure to a weak argument someone has presented (and sometimes similar content), and plausible premises, but an absurd conclusion. Weak argument: all the terrorists in the 9-11 attack were muslim, so we should ban all people who are muslim from flying. All the terrorists in the 9-11 attack were man, so we should also ban all men from flying. Counterarguments - attack how a conclusion is defended by providing. Evaluative terms that a person tries to pass off as merely description. Not the same as ambiguity (multiple precise meanings)
