PHL105Y5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Disposable And Discretionary Income, Negative And Positive Rights, Egalitarianism

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2 Nov 2016
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Different moral theories philosophy & the environment 148. Callender: utilitarianism (mill, bentham; now brandt, sen) The latter states that one should judge an action morally by its consequences, that one should do whatever maximizes the good. An action is right if its consequences if its contribution are no worse than its alternatives" consequences. Thus an action may be right even if its consequences are very poor, so long as the alternatives are worse. This theory of value is called an axiology. The term utility is used to refer to any kind of valued outcome (from which comes the term. There are a number of different possible axiologies depending upon how we understand welfare. What they share is the assumption that acceptable axiologies will enable us not simply to make comparative evaluations between different options, but also to rank order options in terms of their utility.

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