PSY362H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Learning, Classical Conditioning, Contiguity
Document Summary
Cause and effect: associative learning: the process by which an association between two stimuli or a behavior and a stimulus is learned, the two forms of associative learning are classical and operant (instrumental) conditioning. Basic principles of classical conditioning: 4 critical components: unconditioned stimulus (us). A stimulus that already produces a response. e. g. dried dog food: unconditioned response (ur). The response to that stimulus- often a reflex or biologically predisposed reaction. e. g. salivation: conditioned stimulus. Some other stimulus that did not already produce the response. e. g. white lab coat or bell: conditioned response. What leads to conditioning: contiguity: stimuli that are close together in time and space become associated, contingency: a regular and predictive relationship between the cs and us. Instrumental conditioning: the behavior of an animal predicts an associated outcome: the a(cid:374)i(cid:373)al"s behavior is i(cid:374)stru(cid:373)e(cid:374)tal to obtai(cid:374)ing some outcome.