PSY374H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Mental Rotation, Animal Cognition, Speech Recognition
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Lecture 9 notes: language processing and language diversity (language and thinking) Languages= thought to differ from one another in random ways. Lgs (languages)= thought to be alig(cid:374)ed o(cid:374) (cid:272)o(cid:374)ti(cid:374)uu(cid:373) of (cid:862)p(cid:396)i(cid:373)iti(cid:448)e(cid:863) to (cid:862)ad(cid:448)a(cid:374)(cid:272)ed(cid:863) Basis of comparison was often a specific indo-european language, e. g. , latin, modern english. More recent generative/transformational grammar (linguistic framework arising in 1960s, 70s), languages are at their core very similar; exhibit many universal patterns. Even more recent (2000s) although the(cid:396)e (cid:373)a(cid:455) (cid:271)e (cid:862)u(cid:374)i(cid:448)e(cid:396)sals(cid:863), ge(cid:374)e(cid:396)ati(cid:448)e app(cid:396)oa(cid:272)hes (cid:373)a(cid:455) have overstated the degree of similarity across languages. Phonological inventories (speech sounds, syllables) and rules of combination (phonotactics) Free word order (often morphologically-rich language: agent/patient etc. indicated by morphological markings rather than sentence position) Fixed word order (e. g. svo, vso, ovs, etc. ) The patte(cid:396)(cid:374) a pa(cid:396)ti(cid:272)ula(cid:396) la(cid:374)guage adopts (cid:449)ill p(cid:396)edi(cid:272)t other thi(cid:374)gs a(cid:271)out the g(cid:396)a(cid:373)(cid:373)a(cid:396) of that language. O(cid:373)eti(cid:373)es it"s a (cid:373)atte(cid:396) of how information tends to be expressed, rather than whether some distinction is made in a language:
