PSY398H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Classical Conditioning, Fear Conditioning, Operant Conditioning
Document Summary
How does an animal decide to approach or avoid? often in dealing with the environment, both animals and humans, have this approach/avoidance conflict. What factors underlie individual differences in approach vs. avoidance? not every animal will react in the same way to the same stimulus. Animal conditioned not to enter into preferred (dark) compartment o the animal is shocked in the darker compartment. After the first few trials, subject doesn"t experience us. Fear arouses unpleasant physiological state: muscle tension, rise in heart rate & blood pressure, etc. o there is also an instrumental aspect of this, where fear produces this unpleasant physiological state associated with fear. Termination of unpleasant state negative reinforcement (the removal of aversive stimulus) o termination of the unpleasant state causes reinforcement in behaviour. Approach behaviour associated with appetitive nature of stimuli (natural and conditioned rewards) Information may be useful immediately or in later contexts o information that is relevant for the survival.
