SOC346H5 Lecture Notes - Endangerment, Summary Offence, Criminal Code (Canada)
Document Summary
The common forms of punishment in ancient communities were capital punishment, physical mutilation, confiscation of property, exile and loss of civil status. In the roman republic, from 509 bc onward, the death penalty was the usual punishment for crime although conviction for some offences was followed by orders for compensation. From the middle of the second century bc, courts were used to adjudicate guilt for some offences, but sanctions were stipulated expressly in statues. This marked the beginning of the evolution from private to public conceptions of the criminal law. The criminal law was enforced by various institutions and individuals including the sovereign, local lords, the church, and local courts. In england henry ii began building prisons but these were generally intended for debtors, trespassers, and those convicted of contempt and other lesser offences. On the continent, imprisonment was little used.
