ANTA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Bipedalism, Parental Investment, Sivapithecus
Document Summary
Apes chimpanzees, gorillas great apes, orangutans and gibbons/siamangs lesser apes. Gorillas found in single-male, multi-female and multi-male, multi female groups. Groups usually have at least 1 silverback male. Vegetarian, they have relatively low levels of aggression . Chimpanzees: pan troglodytes common chimp, larger, more aggressive. Pan paniscus- pygmy chimp (bonobo) very calm, not aggressive, copulates wisely. Both live in multi- male, multi-female groups characterized by a fission-fusion social system. In bonobo groups, females can be dominant (females can be alpha animal); not the case among common chimp. This wouldn"t be like this for common chimps. Tool use: fishing for termites and ants. Primatologist consider this as culture regional for one particular area and a learned behavior. Nut- cracking teaching the infant very slowly [the repetition of steps, something that can be socially learned] Orangutans live semi-solitarily (single males and females come together to mate or if food is abundant in an area).
