ANTA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Phylogenetic Tree, Evolutionary Taxonomy, Macroevolution
ANTA01- Lecture 3: Macroevolution and Paleoanthropology
• Ancestral-Characters inherited by a group of organisms from a remote ancestor and not
diagnostic of groups that diverged after the character appeared; also called primitive.
• The truck has the most ancestral trait.
• Derived (Modified)-Characters that are modified from the ancestral condition
and thus, are diagnostic of particular evolutionary lineages.
• Early interpretation that birds were related
to dinosaurs. They have a lot of traits that are
shared for example is feathers. Only birds and
dinosaurs share feathers in their ancestors.
• Phylogenetic tree- A chart showing evolutionary relationships as determined
by evolutionary systematics.
• Phylogenetic is an older way, essentially a family tree. It’s a representation of
relationship that show evolutionary relationship. Shows time frame on when the
species branched out. More traditional and older way. And we don’t have all the
species of hominin and we have only one sample there its patchy and makes a
too big of a conclusion and we don’t have all that information.
• Cladogram - shows evolutionary relationships as determined by cladistics
analysis.
• Cladogram does not have a time frame. Only recognizes relationships.
• Biological species concept emphasizes interbreeding and reproductive isolation.
• Members of a species can bread with each other and members o different
species cannot breed.
• Example- There are 4 different species of giraffe. They choose not to breed with
another species. Northern and southern do not breed. They look morphologically
they look similar but their genes are different. They could have the same diet but
they do not breed with each other.
• Speciation- new species arises.
• The trees that are branching out is a clade. Clade is all the traits of the common
ancestor. They are distinct from clade b because they have changed in
morphological, behavioral, genetically.
• Intraspecific- within species, eye color, weight, hair color.
• Interspecific- is between humans and gorillas.
• Splitters- variation represent different species. Ex- with giraffe has 4 different
species even though they look the same
• Lumpers- variation is intraspecific. They like to lump different variance of hominin
fossils together and group them together based on long list of traits.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
They have a lot of traits that are shared for example is feathers. Only birds and dinosaurs share feathers in their ancestors: phylogenetic tree- a chart showing evolutionary relationships as determined by evolutionary systematics, phylogenetic is an older way, essentially a family tree. It"s a representation of relationship that show evolutionary relationship. Shows time frame on when the species branched out. Only recognizes relationships: biological species concept emphasizes interbreeding and reproductive isolation, members of a species can bread with each other and members o different species cannot breed, example- there are 4 different species of giraffe. They choose not to breed with another species. They look morphologically they look similar but their genes are different. They could have the same diet but they do not breed with each other: speciation- new species arises, the trees that are branching out is a clade. Clade is all the traits of the common ancestor.
