BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Chamaesyce, Sunburn, Heritability

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14 Oct 2016

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E(cid:448)oluio(cid:374) is just a theo(cid:396)(cid:455), (cid:374)ot a fa(cid:272)t. So(cid:373)e sa(cid:455) that e(cid:448)oluio(cid:374) is(cid:374)"t t(cid:396)ue (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause it is just a theo(cid:396)(cid:455), theo(cid:396)ies a(cid:396)e (cid:374)ot t(cid:396)ue i(cid:374) s(cid:272)ie(cid:374)(cid:272)e, (cid:271)ut la(cid:449)s a(cid:396)e. not true! G(cid:396)a(cid:448)it(cid:455) is the same as e(cid:448)oluio(cid:374), (cid:271)ut a litle (cid:373)o(cid:396)e dii(cid:272)ult (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause (cid:449)e a(cid:396)e talki(cid:374)g a(cid:271)out (cid:373)illio(cid:374)s of (cid:455)ea(cid:396) of i(cid:373)e. We (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t set up a(cid:374) e(cid:454)pe(cid:396)i(cid:373)e(cid:374)t fo(cid:396) e(cid:448)oluio(cid:374). E(cid:448)oluio(cid:374) is thi(cid:374)gs happe(cid:374)i(cid:374)g fo(cid:396) a lo(cid:374)g pe(cid:396)iod of i(cid:373)e. So(cid:373)e a(cid:396)gue that the theo(cid:396)(cid:455) of e(cid:448)oluio(cid:374) is the (cid:373)ost fou(cid:374)daio(cid:374)al thi(cid:374)g to (cid:271)iolog(cid:455). Se(cid:448)e(cid:396)al thi(cid:374)g happe(cid:374) i(cid:374) the p(cid:396)o(cid:272)ess of e(cid:448)oluio(cid:374). Thi(cid:374)gs e(cid:448)ol(cid:448)e populaio(cid:374) a(cid:396)e (cid:272)ha(cid:374)gi(cid:374)g o(cid:448)e(cid:396) i(cid:373)e. E(cid:448)oluio(cid:374) is happe(cid:374)i(cid:374)g slo(cid:449)l(cid:455) o(cid:448)e(cid:396) a long pe(cid:396)iod of i(cid:373)e. Du(cid:396)i(cid:374)g this p(cid:396)o(cid:272)ess spe(cid:272)iaio(cid:374) o(cid:272)(cid:272)u(cid:396)s, the di(cid:448)e(cid:396)ge(cid:374)(cid:272)e of o(cid:374)e spe(cid:272)ies i(cid:374)to t(cid:449)o o(cid:396) (cid:373)o(cid:396)e spe(cid:272)ies. All spe(cid:272)ies o(cid:374) ea(cid:396)th sha(cid:396)e a (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)o(cid:374) a(cid:374)(cid:272)est(cid:396)(cid:455), the di(cid:448)e(cid:396)ge(cid:374)(cid:272)e i(cid:373)e depe(cid:374)ds o(cid:374) ho(cid:449) deepl(cid:455) the. We (cid:272)a(cid:374) t(cid:396)a(cid:272)k ou(cid:396) e(cid:448)oluio(cid:374)a(cid:396)(cid:455) a(cid:374)d i(cid:374)d a (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)o(cid:374) a(cid:374)(cid:272)esto(cid:396) to the (cid:271)a(cid:272)te(cid:396)ia.

Related Questions

Like all scientific theories, the theory of evolution has undergone some alteration since it was originally proposed â we know a lot more now than we did 150 years ago, and a lot of aspects of Darwin's original proposal have undergone a variety of different kinds of testing and subsequent modifications. One of the things that Darwin didn't apparently get quite right is the pacing of speciation. His primary concept of this phenomenon is generally referred to as "Darwinian Gradualism." Explain just what gradualism is. What is the alternative proposal offered by S.J. Gould and Niles Eldredge? What major body of evidence supports Gould and Eldredge's theory over Darwin's? And finally, are the two proposals mutually exclusive? (In other words, if one is a correct description of the pacing of evolutionary change, must the other necessarily be false?)

Select the statements that correctly represent the theory ofevolution. Select all that apply.

Evolution is partly about inheritance. Evidence of evolution isseen in structures such as wisdom teeth and the tail bone inhumans. These structures are thought to be âleft overâ from ourancestors and no longer appear to have any essential function inmodern humans.

Natural selection means that todayâs organisms are perfectlyadapted after millions of years of fine-tuning. No further changesare necessary because of all the progress that has been made bynatural selection.

We can see evidence of past natural selection in adaptationssuch as the camouflage of moths perched on the bark of their hosttree. We can also see natural selection at work today if we trackhow populations change in rapidly changing environments.

The theory of evolution does not apply to life today. It isstrictly about the history of life: what happened in the past asseen in fossils.

Scientists disagree about the main ideas of evolutionary theorybecause of incomplete or conflicting evidence.

Question 2

Select one answer.

10 points

The ability or tendency of organisms and cells to maintainstable internal conditions is called

metabolism

homeostasis

emergent property

evolution

Question 3

Select one answer.

10 points

Why do organisms maintain fairly steady conditions within theircells and bodies?

They need to keep conditions stable so that they can obtainfood.

Organisms just change along with whatever is happening in theoutside world, which is usually quite steady.

They must maintain stable conditions to keep their enzymesworking and generally to enable the chemical reactions of life.

Unstable conditions will destroy the DNA in cells; this is themost important risk for a cell facing physical or chemicalstress.

Question 4

Select one answer.

10 points

An organism or cell exhibits ____________ when it maintainssteady internal conditions despite changes in the outerenvironment.

homeostasis

evolution

balance

natural selection

Question 5

Select one answer.

10 points

Which type of molecule best illustrates the very strongrelationship between structure and function in biology?

enzymes

oxygen gas

all kinds of organic matter

water

Question 6

Select one answer.

10 points

Which best expresses how nutrients and energy move throughlife?

Nutrients flow from sunlight to organic matter to heat. Energycycles among all life forms.

Nutrients cycle among all life forms. Energy flows from sunlightto chemical energy to heat.

Nutrients and energy both are continually recycled in a greatcircle of life.

Question 7

Select one answer.

10 points

Which of the following is not a recurring theme in biology?

Living organisms maintain homeostasis.

Energy flows through living systems while matter isrecycled.

Evolutionary processes explain both the unity and adaptivediversity of life.

All of these are recurring themes.

Question 8

Select one answer.

10 points

Which statement about evolution is FALSE?

According to evolutionary theory, you are related to abacterium, to a yeast cell, to a snake, and to a whale. In fact,you are related to every species now alive on Earth, and to fossilspecies like dinosaurs as well.

Evolution occurs constantly, without end; there is no endpointin evolution.

Natural selection acts on genetic differences within apopulation to cause evolution. Individuals do not evolve.

Natural selection is about slow but steady progress. Through it,populations constantly get better-adapted. When this process iscompleted for all populations, evolution will come to a stop.

Question 9

Select one answer.

10 points

Imagine you have a peanut butter sandwich in front of you. Thesandwich is an example of _______.

matter

energy

Question 10

Select one answer.

10 points

You provide your gut bacteria with a warm place to live. Theyprovide you with vitamins and other services. This most directlyrepresents an example of...

shared ancestry of all life

natural selection

homeostasis

interdependence of life

3. What are the key differences between a scientific hypothesisand a scientific theory according to the lecture? Choose from thefollowing:
a. [A hypothesis turns into a theory after very close scrutiny andacceptance by the scientific community.]
b. [A theory is an accumulation of many well-proven andwell-accepted hypotheses that explain why phenomenon occurs.]
c. [A hypothesis and a theory mean essentially the same thing inthe sciences. One is just slightly more proven than the other.]

4. What are the key differences between a scientific theory anda scientific law/principle according to the lecture? Choose fromthe following:
a. [A law explains the process of a phenomenon, but not why itoccurs like a theory does.]
b. [Laws are always correct and to the point. Theories aregenerally ideas that can be proven wrong.]
c. [Laws can explain why a phenomenon occurs, unlike a theory.]

5. According to the lecture, what energy source is Earth usingprimarily for its internal processes?
a. [Interior heat]
b. [Geothermal energy]
c. [Solar energy]
d. [Radioactive Decay]
e. [Magma]

6. According to the lecture, what energy source is Earth usingprimarily for its external/surficial processes?
a. [Interior heat]
b. [Geothermal energy]
c. [Solar energy]
d. [Radioactive Decay]
e. [Magma]

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BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Chamaesyce, Sunburn, Heritability

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