BIOA01H3 Lecture 3: Lecture 2:3 Evolution
10 Dec 2018
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Penicillin (helped many in world war 2) First antibiotic drug based on a naturally occurring substance. 4 years use- 14 percent of staphylococcus strains resistant. More than 50 percent resistant in the year 1950: microevolution (chapter 21) Population (individuals of species at the same time and place) It has to be heritable variation in genetics of a population: macroevolution (chapter 23, changes between species, phenotypic variation. Heritable variation in appearance and/ or function. Can be measured (e. g. height: qualitative variation. E. g. presence of spines = yes or no: genes and environment. Phenotypic variation due to genetics, environmental differences in phenotype are heritable. Only genetic differences in phenotype are heritable. Breeding experiments (mendel), selection experiments: genetics and activity in mice. Mutation can result in a new amino acid. Recombination shuffles mutations to produce new sequences: genetic variation. Arises due to new alleles (from mutations) Recombination (form crossing over, independent assortment, random fertilization) Farmers have been using it for 100 of years.
