BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Programmed Cell Death, Interleukin 2, S Phase
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Cancer: uncontrolled cell growth: autocrine stimulation, secrete own growth factors, loss of contact inhibition, to stop dividing when contacted by another cell, loss of cell death, resistance to programmed cell death. Cancer: immortality: loss of limitations on the number of cell divisions, ex. Senescence: restoration of telomerase activity, ability to grow in culture. Checkpoints : ensure that reactions of one stage are complete before cycle proceeds to next stage. External controls: based on surface receptors that recognize and bind signals, peptide hormones and growth factors or growth inhibitors, cell-surface molecules, molecules of the extracellular matrix, binding triggers internal reactions that speed, slow, or stop cell division. Normal cells cannot divide indefinitely: cellular senescence: loss of proliferative ability over time, two candidates for responsibility of cellular senescence. Telomere shortening: apoptosis: programmed cell death, very ancient mechanism, common to all multicellular eukaryotes studied so far.