BIOA02H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Phrenic Nerve, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Cerebrospinal Fluid

• School: UTSC
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIOA02H3
• Professor: Ivana Stehlik

Document Summary

Bioa02h3 (module 2) lecture 7: control of breathing and blood oxygen transport. Respiratory control: higher brain centers: autonomic control of breathing: brainstem, voluntary control of breathing: cerebral cortex, corticospinal tract: connection between the cerebral cortex and the medulla, the lack of voluntary control during sleep leads to sleep-related breathing disorders. Sleep-related breathing disorders: obstructive sleep apnea: eeg (electroencephalogram; brain activity): determines the sleep state (awake; slow- wave sleep or rapid-eye movement sleep), an obstructive leads to reduced breathing movements. Ineffective breathing leads to reduced blood o2 levels: when the person does breath, blood o2 levels go back up, heart rate and blood pressure increase during breathing. Oxygen-sensing in peripheral chemoreceptors: within the carotid body, glomus cells are the oxygen-sensitive cells. Low o2 in the blood: activates o2 sensor, closes k+ channels, depolarises membrane, opens voltage-gated ca++ channels. Intracellular ca++ rises: neurotransmitters released, signals sent to cns.