BIOB11H3 Lecture Notes - Thymidine, Chromosome Segregation, Zygosity

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Central dogma of molecular genetics: dna makes rna makes protein. Most organism are diploid 2 copies/gene. Homozygous: both alleles are identical (i. e. dominant), if dominant=wildtype (rr) Heterozygous: alleles differe (1 d, 1 r = rr) Nulls: homozygous recessive = rr, generally associated w/ The wrinkled peas are recessive allele known to be due to mutation in gene encoding a starch branching enzyme. Law of segregation: 2 alleles segregate one another into gametes. Of gametes carry 1 of the alleles and the other of gametes carry the. Assortment: different genes assort independently during gamete formation (i. e. gene for seed colour segregates independently from gene for seed shape) Sources of variation: meiosis= reductional division, haploid sperm and egg made. Recombination occurs b/w maternal and paternal x-somes. Specific combos of sperm and egg = unique individual. Each homolog consists of 2 sister chromatids. Metaphase i one centrosome attaching the 2. Several human genetic disorders are caused by problems in meiotic x-some segregation.

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