BIOB34H3 Lecture 17: Lecture 17 Notes 2015

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Hearts and circulatory systems: closed and open circulatory systems. In closed circulatory systems, the series of vessels are all connected and the circulatory fluid is blood. Blood flows from the heart to arteries to capillaries to veins back to the heart again. Closed circulatory systems have the advantage of being high pressure systems which means blood pressure can be kept high leading to high levels of blood flow to tissues and therefore high levels of oxygen and nutrient delivery. Closed systems also allow for blood to be directed to specific organs. This means that it is possible to regulate blood flow to individual organs; increasing or decreasing flow as required. In an open circulatory system the circulatory fluid is haemolymph. It can be considered to be a mixture of blood and extracellular fluid. In open systems the blood vessels (i. e. , arteries, capillaries and veins) do not form a complete enclosed circuit starting and ending at the heart.

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