BIOC12H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Starch, Neurophysiology, Homeostasis
24 Oct 2017
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Enzymes: enzymes are responsible for aerobic respiration, fermentation, nitrogen metabolism, energy conversion, and even programmed cell death, two key enzymes required for the fermentation of glucose by yeast. Pyruvate decarboxylase converts pyruvate( > a breakdown product of glucose) into acetaldehyde and co2: alcohol dehydrogenase reduces acetaldehyde to form ethanol. 1. 2 the chemical basis of life: a hierarchical perspective. There are seven levels of biochemistry hierarchy. Foundation of the hierarchy: chemical elements and functional groups. Cell specialization hierarchy: allows multicellular organisms to exploit their environment through signal transduction mechanisms that facilitate communication between cells. Also, trace elements such as zinc, iron, manganese, coper, and cobalt are required for life, primarily as cofactors in proteins. Essential ions include calcium, chloride, magnesium, potassum, and sodium, any of which play key roles in cell signalling and neurophysiology. The four major classes of small biomolucels are 1. amino acids, 2. nucleotides, 3. simple sugars, 4. fatty acids.
