BIOC17H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Gram Staining, Lipid Bilayer, Peptidoglycan
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1,Match the descriptions to the type of transport.
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2,Describe what is wrong with the following statement and explain why:
All prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells contain plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, organelles, cytoplasm, and cell walls.
What is short-distance transport?
a, | The movement of solutes from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration | |
b,The movement of water, nutrients, and other substances between cells | ||
c, | The movement of substances from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration | |
d, | The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration. |
What terms describe the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high water concentration towards a region of low water concentration (and high solute concentration.)
What is found in the proptoplasm?
Cell wall, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, nucleus, and other cell organelles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plasmodesmata, cell wall, and plasma membrane | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cell wall, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cytoplasm, nucleus, and other cell organelles The channels that allow nutrients and protoplasm to pass between plant cells are called _________________. What happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
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QUESTION 1
Which of the following statements about the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is false?
a. | It resists attachment of the bacterial chromosome to its inner surface. | |
b. | It contains a protein complex that drives ATP synthesis. | |
c. | It is asymmetric. | |
d. | It consists of relatively equal amounts of phospholipids and proteins. |
1 points
QUESTION 2
Which of the following statements regarding Mycobacteria is false?
a. | The genome has relatively low Guanine (G) and Cytosine (C) content. | |
b. | The cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a polymer (peptidoglycan) consisting of alternating N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-Acetylmuramic (NAM) acid units. | |
c. | It infects approximately one-third of the global human population. | |
d. | It has a Gram-positive cell wall with an additional waxy lipid layer of mycolic acid. |
1 points
QUESTION 3
Which of the following outer membrane porins enables Mycobacteria to adapt to acidic and intracellular environments, and shows homology to outer membrane porin A?
a. | OmpATb. | |
b. | OmpA. | |
c. | MspA. | |
d. | Lipid A. |
1 points
QUESTION 4
Based on your understanding of bacterial membranes, which of the following is not likely to be found in an E. coli outer membrane?
a. | Membrane-anchored enzymes. | |
b. | Mycolic acid. | |
c. | Lipopolysaccharide. | |
d. | Porin channels. |
1 points
QUESTION 5
Based on the conclusions of this paper, which of the following statements would the author most likely disagree with?
a. | Some archaeon do not contain all of the genes essential for life. | |
b. | The membrane structures of prokaryotes show far greater diversity than those of eukaryotes. | |
c. | As demonstrated in this definitive report, scientists have a great understanding of the majority of basic functions and evolution of bacterial membranes. | |
d. | The outer membrane (and its associated components) of archaea, Gram-negative bacteria, and Gram-positive bacteria likely evolved independently of one another. |
1 points
QUESTION 6
Which of the following is not true for Gram-negative, acid-fast, and archaeal membranes?
a. | They modify their lipid content in response to environmental changes. | |
b. | They have co-evolved the same outer membrane composition and structure. | |
c. | They all have a cytoplasmic membrane. | |
d. | Membrane transport proteins regulate nutrient uptake and waste removal. |
1 points
QUESTION 7
Compared to Mycobacteria, Gram-negative bacterium contain:
a. | More mycolic acid. | |
b. | Pores of increased length. | |
c. | Less peptidoglycan. | |
d. | 50-fold-lower numbers of porins. |
1 points
QUESTION 8
Archaea are found to survive in strongly acidic lakes compared to bacteria and Eukaryotes. Which of the following supports this claim according to the study?
a. | The presence of L-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes. | |
b. | The presence of D-glycerol ether linked lipids in Archaea membranes. | |
c. | The presence of L-glycerol ester linked peptidoglycans in Archaea membranes. | |
d. | The presence of L-glycerol ester linked lipids in Archaea membranes. |
1 points
QUESTION 9
Based on your understanding of the symbiotic relationship between Nanoarchaeum equitans and Ignicoccus, which of the following below is not true?
a. | The membrane lipids of N. equitans are synthesized by Ignoccocus. | |
b. | In exchange for membrane lipids, N. equitans provide Ignicoccus with many essential cytoplasmic enzymes. | |
c. | N. equitans lack enzymes capable of catalyzing lipid biosynthesis. | |
d. | Intraperiplasmic vesicles produced by Ignicoccus allow for lipid transfer to N. equitans. |
1 points
QUESTION 10
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in bacteria, as mentioned in the article?
a. | They mediate transmembrane electron flow. | |
b. | They mediate lipid biosynthesis. | |
c. | They help to stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane. | |
d. | They are responsible for the selective permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane. |