BIOC32H3 Lecture 5: The Chemical Synapse I

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5 Jul 2018
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LECTURE 5: THE CHEMICAL SYNAPSE
Lecture Outline
Components of the synapse
The presynaptic axon terminal
Neurotransmitter receptors
The Postsynaptic terminal
Mechanisms of neurotransmission
Presynaptic
Postsynaptic
Types of neurotransmitters
Biosynthesis, release and catabolism of neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter receptor subtypes
Second messenger cascades
Physiological role of neurotransmitters and receptor subtypes
Neuronal Signalling Involves 3 Signalling Mechanisms
Neurotransmission: Conversion of the action
potential into a chemical signal which is released
from the presynaptic axon terminal
(neurotransmitter). This causes a response (graded
potential) in the dendrites / cell body of the target
neuron at postsynaptic junction
Synaptic membranes near the membrane of presynaptic axon terminal
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Active zone is the site of exocytosis
Calcium channels (switches from sodium)
Exocytosis is calcium dependent
“Kiss and run”: touches membrane and runs off
Receptor = lock, NT = key, together cause activation of pathways
NT mostly hydrophilic, binds to lipid membrane
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