BIOC50H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Carl Linnaeus, Binomial Nomenclature, Simile
22 Dec 2018
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Lecture one: tree of life: phylogeny and classification. Root: last common ancestor of the entire phylogeny. Branch: refers to the lines of the trees that lead to up the species. Node: branching event where an ancestral species produces two daughter species. Time flows from left to right to the tips of the phylogeny. Lineage: a series of ancestral and descendant populations through time, usually within a single evolving species. Monophyletic group: refers to all species/ lineages from a common ancestor. One needs to score the states of characters of an organism: a character: any trait of an organism, dna sequence, e. g. Presence of absence of feathers: character state: the alternative forms a character may take, for example, dna, it can be a t c g. To infer a phylogeny: blue: ancestral character state, red: derived character state; mutated from the ancestral character state.
