BIOC61H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Chromosomal Rearrangement, Centromere, Karyotype
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A: gene mutation is a mutation that occurs within one gene and only affects that gene; chromosome mutations affect more than one gene; they can affect large portions of a chromosome, entire chromosomes or even entire sets of chromosomes. A: chromosome rearrangements and changes in numbers of chromosomes. A: they change the order of dna sequences within on or more chromosomes, for more than one gene. A: the orderly presentation of the chromosomes for which each particular chromosome has been identified. A: mitotic chromosomes at metaphase (when chromosomes are condensed and have an obvious shape and length; a special, characteristic banding pattern are shown by staining the chromosomes) A: (1) overall relative chromosome length; (2) the position of the centromere along the chromosome; (3) the location of nucleolus organizer regions; (4) pattern of bands. A: the percentage of the total length of all of the autosomal chromosomes. A: they are called x and y in mammals.