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BIOA02H3 Lecture 11: Lec11 - Plant Defense.doc

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School
UTSC
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BIOA02H3
Professor
Mary Olaveson

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BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes
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BIOA02H3 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Plants feed the world, but they do not want to. All non-plants depend directly or indirectly on plant food. Every plant is under constant threat of attack (=herbivory) Often least visible: especially insects are feeding on plants day and life. Starts as an egg on the leaf. Inside the leaf it feeds away from predators. Once an adult it leaves the leaf. Slide seven / nine mammals of all sizes. Slide eleven plants don"t want to get eaten! Two main mechanisms of defence: mechanical defence. Essential to normal cellular function and life in general. Secondary compounds: products have no known direct function in basic metabolism. Initially thought secondary compounds were waste products / end products of metabolism: but: Co-evolution = reciprocal genetic changes between herbivores and plants. Slide fourteen chemical defence with plant toxins. Four main large classes of plant secondary compounds: phenolics. Bitter taste of apple pits: alkaloids.

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Related Questions

All of the plant defense mechanisms listed below aresonstitutive defenses except

A) chemical defenses such as secondary compounds

B) elevated production of proteinase inhibitors

C) a barrier to infection such as the cuticle

D) ants that live on Acacia trees and bite herbivores

E) physical defenses such as thorns

How does herbivory on seeds and fruits differ from herbivory on leaves and stems of plants? Can both of these types of herbivory result in positive interaction between the plant and it's herbivore?

30. Zangerl and Rutledge (1996) compared the level of defensive chemicals in different parts of wild Pursnip plants before and after simulated herbivory. The researchers simulated the damage to plants from herbivores by pushing needles into the plant part. The figure below shows the mean dry weight of xanthonin (the defensive chemical) before (control) and after damage. The asterisks (**) indicate thut there was a significant change in the weight of xanthonins before and after damage. Based on these results, which stalement is FALSE? 5.61 5.06 Control Damaged Xanthonin Mean Dry Weight ( woon- 0.61 0.7? 0.02 0.035 Fruit Roots Leaves Part of plant a. The fruit of the plant produce a higher level of xanthonins than leaves and roots. b. The production of xanthonins in the fruit is a constitutive plant defense. c. The reproductive part of the plant is the most defended. d. The production of xanthonins in the leaves is an induced defense. END OF TEST. Be sure that you have entered the test code on the computer answer sheet. The test code is 33.