BIOB51H3 Lecture 7: Lecture 7 and 8 on Evilutionary Analysis II (fall2011)

• School: UTSC
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIOB51H3
• Professor: Maydianne Andrade

Document Summary

Biob51fall2011 chapter 4 and chapter 10, lecture 7+8: evolutionary analysis ii (phylogeny and comparative method) Phylogeny: phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a group of species, phylogenetic tree: graphical summary of the history. 2: records the sequence in which lineages appeared and documents which organisms are more closely related. The logic of phylogeny inference: grouping species by their similarities and distinguishing groups by their differences would seem to be fairly straight forward way of inferring their evolutionary relationships. 4: if similar traits are not due to homology then they are due to homoplasy. Lungs of fish evolved from swim bladder hypothesis: reasons behind this hypothesis: lung and swim bladder are homologous traits, fish appear in fossil record earlier than tetrapods. Mathematical modelling: questions: macro or microevolutionary questions, allows researchers to: test logic of proposed hypotheses, identify areas where further study is needed, predict evolutionary outcomes given some initial assumptions.