BIOC51H3 Lecture Notes - Special Creation, Natural Selection, Selective Breeding

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Relatedness of species (similarity within diversity; tree of life) All species descended from one or a few original species: descent with modification. Small changes within populations from generation to generation can accumulate over long periods of time and lead to the origin of new species. Darwin realized that evolution by natural selection was inevitable if these 4 postulates are true. Some of these variations are passed on to offspring (i. e. are heritable) Many more offspring are produced than can survive and reproduce. Some traits = greater success in the struggle = production of more offspring than others with different traits. Natural selection acts on individuals: evolution occurs in population. Natural selection will not always result in evolutionary change. Modern definition: changes in allele frequencies for a given trait in a population over time. Evidence: fossils, trace of any organism that lived in the past. New species appear throughout time in geologic layers.

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