BIOD27H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Limbic System, Basal Ganglia, Motor Neuron

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BGYB30H3 Lecture 9 Notes
-the medulla oblongata controls involuntary breathing and vomiting
-the pons is the primary relay circuit between cerebellum and cerebrum
-the pons controls breathing in conjunction with the medulla
-the midbrain controls eye movement(saccades) and relays info to the auditory and visual
cortex
-the cerebellum processes sensory info such as muscle reflexes and coordinates fine motor
control
-cerebellum receives inputs from inner ear to control balance and equilibrium of body parts
-the diencephalon controls homeostasis and has the thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary and
pineal glands
-the thalamus relays motor info from the cerebellum and can modify info as well
-the hypothalamus controls homeostasis, temperature, osmolarity, hunger, and sex drive
-hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system and endocrine function
-pituitary and pineal gland release hormones
-corpus callosum are axonal tracts between right and left hemisphere
-grooves called the central sulcus and lateral sulcus separate the frontal lobe from the other
lobes
-the nervous system is made up of a sensory, cognitive, and behavioural state system
-sensory system monitors internal and external environment leading to reflexes
-v}ÇÇu}v[oÇ]v(}}Ze cerebrum but only the spinal cord
-cognitive system involves cerebral response leading to voluntary responses from the CNS
-ZÀ]}µoÇu]vÀ}oÀu}]}vo}vÁZ]Z}v[oÁÇ]vÀ}oÀZ
cerebrum (can come from the brain stem)
-any response of the body is caused by the integration of the three systems
-sensory areas allow increased awareness and perception
-association areas integrate info from different sensory regions to initiate voluntary responses
-motor areas relay info from association areas to cause a response
-function of the two hemispheres of the brain is not symmetric but exhibit cerebral dominance
-the brain connections, through its plasticity, allow one hemisphere to learn the functions of
the other in case of injury
-sensory pathways involve skin, skeletal muscles, touch, pain, body position, and visceral
-visceral system involves internal organs that are integrated spinal cord and brain stem
-olfactory cortex (found in the temporal lobe) receives info about smell from the nose
-gustatory cortex (found in the frontal lobe) receives info about taste from the tongue
-association areas integrate somatic and special senses
-skeletal muscles are controlled by the somatic motor system
-smooth and cardiac muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system
-voluntary movement is controlled by the primary motor cortex
-motor inputs are from cerebellum and basal ganglia
-outputs go to the brain stem where they crossover to the other side of the body
(lateralization)
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Document Summary

The medulla oblongata controls involuntary breathing and vomiting. The pons is the primary relay circuit between cerebellum and cerebrum. The pons controls breathing in conjunction with the medulla. The midbrain controls eye movement(saccades) and relays info to the auditory and visual cortex. The cerebellum processes sensory info such as muscle reflexes and coordinates fine motor control. Cerebellum receives inputs from inner ear to control balance and equilibrium of body parts. The diencephalon controls homeostasis and has the thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary and pineal glands. The thalamus relays motor info from the cerebellum and can modify info as well. The hypothalamus controls homeostasis, temperature, osmolarity, hunger, and sex drive. Hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system and endocrine function. Corpus callosum are axonal tracts between right and left hemisphere. Grooves called the central sulcus and lateral sulcus separate the frontal lobe from the other lobes. The nervous system is made up of a sensory, cognitive, and behavioural state system.

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