CITB03H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Deindustrialization, Aerial Perspective, Neoliberalism
Lecture 2: The Emergence of Urban Social and Community Planning and Action from the 1960s onwards
Differences Between Neighborhood and Community
- Neighborhood: small unit of physical space
oSmall unit
oPhysical infrastructure: infrastructure based on community needs
oBio-physical landscape: rivers, ravines, hills
oPolitical boundaries: identified by government through planning and implementation
oSocial identification: identification with an area
oEmotional attachment to space
oIdentified by its physical space
- Community
oGroup or groups of people centered on common interest or similarity
oAttachment to place
Not universal attachment, but different types of attachments
Sports community can be attached because they performed
oInteraction between communities
oCommunity belonging
oSocial identification: identification with group or groups of people
oCommunities can have similar or divergent visons
-
Neighborhood and Community Contain (hand-drawn picture):
- Neighborhood is the outside line
- The community is the inside line
- There are multiple communities within those communities
Historical Overview of Social Planning and Community Development in Cities
- Understand the ideological/social imperatives and moral underpinnings of social planning and
the developed of communities
- Movement from ‘top-down’ controlled social planning and community development to
grassroots, ‘bottom-up’ approach
find more resources at oneclass.com
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- Reflect different political-economic structures and social approaches to interpreting and
engaging with urban communities
oMid-19th century to early 20th century: Urban Public Health Movement
o1920s-1960s: Urban Renewal – Creating New Communities and ‘Renewing’ Older ones
Historical Overview
1. Mid 19th century to early 20th century: North America and Europe: Urban Public Health
Movement: 1850s onwards
- Political movement to improve health and social welfare
of urban residents
- Moral, religious, and economic rationales
- Had a moral imperative to help society become better
- This was before things were bureaucratic
- Land use zoning: separation of land uses to reduce natural
disasters and disease
Urban Public Health Movement: Late 19th century/early 20th
century
- Emergence of master planned communities: New Towns Examples: Port Sunlight and Bournville,
UK
- Planned by government or business
- An incentive to get people into countryside towns
- Top-down idea of saying the city is not so great, the pollution is impacting health etc. and switch
them to rural areas
Urban Public Health Movement: Emergence of Master Planned Communities:
- Garden City:
oEbenezer Howard (1898) Garden cities of Tomorrow
oPlans for ‘garden city’ communities outside of central cities
oLow density housing
oSeparation of housing away industry = zoning
oPrototype for the 20th century suburb
o
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Lecture 2: the emergence of urban social and community planning and action from the 1960s onwards. Community: group or groups of people centered on common interest or similarity, attachment to place. Not universal attachment, but different types of attachments. Sports community can be attached because they performed: interaction between communities, community belonging, social identification: identification with group or groups of people, communities can have similar or divergent visons. Historical overview of social planning and community development in cities. Understand the ideological/social imperatives and moral underpinnings of social planning and the developed of communities. Movement from top-down" controlled social planning and community development to grassroots, bottom-up" approach. Reflect different political-economic structures and social approaches to interpreting and engaging with urban communities: mid-19th century to early 20th century: urban public health movement, 1920s-1960s: urban renewal creating new communities and renewing" older ones. Historical overview: mid 19th century to early 20th century: north america and europe: urban public health.
