EESA06H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Active Layer, Piezometer, Thermokarst
Document Summary
Sand and gravel: managing/protecing water resources, watersheds and ecosystems. All have been impacted by several factors: wastes (nuclear, municipal, industrial etc. , remediaion of contaminated sites, radon gas. Emergic problem: hazards: earthquakes, landslides & tsunamis, miigaion of climate warming efects, environmental impact of resource extracion and energy supplies, environmental policy and planning. Natural disasters have a huge impact on economic output of world"s major ciies from manmade and natural threats. Governments, businesses and communiies are highly exposed to systemic, catastrophic shocks and could do more to miigate risk and improve resilience. We need to idenify risks, model and measure their impacts, and invest in greater resilience. Permafrost when ground remains deeply frozen for thousand of years: might fall, might melt, sill completely frozen. Permafrost is below acive layer: acive layer is 1-3m deep. Thermokarst meling of permafrost in response to warming. Thaw ponds formed during hypsithermal warm period: 5000 years ago.
