EESA10H3 Lecture 7: Biological Hazards and Human Health

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Week 7 biological hazards and human health. Infectious disease is host-centered concept: human body is a habitat and host to many organisms, associations that harm or bother us are infectious diseases; agents are pathogens, zoonosis infectious disease transmissible to humans from other animals. Types of pathogens: worms multicellular; parasitic, protozoa unicellular; parasitic, bacteria unicellular; most not parasitic, aerobic vs anaerobic; or tolerate either, some form spores, viruses strand of dna or rna; parasitic. Immune system distinguishes self from foreign : active immunity on first exposure to antigen, body produces antibodies, vaccination, antigen preparation -> active immunity, antibody preparation -> passive immunity, herd immunity practical protection. If enough members of a group are immune, hard to maintain chain of infection. Evolution of strategies for managing transmission of disease: segregation of sick or exposed persons. If sewage not well controlled, waterborne transmission dominates: fecal-oral transmission also via soil and by hand-to-mouth transmission, cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery; giardiasis, cryptosporidium (zoonoses); hepatitis a,

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