MGAB01H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Net Income, Retained Earnings, Share Capital
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The amounts of the assets and liabilities of Wilderness TravelService at April 30, 2016, the end of the year, and its revenue andexpenses for the year follow. The retained earnings was $145,000 onMay 1, 2015, the beginning of the year, and dividends of $40,000were paid during the year.
Accounts payable | $25,000 | |||
Accounts receivable | 210,000 | |||
Cash | 146,000 | |||
Common stock | 35,000 | |||
Fees earned | 875,000 | |||
Miscellaneous expense | 15,000 | |||
Rent expense | 75,000 | |||
Supplies | 9,000 | |||
Supplies expense | 12,000 | |||
Taxes expense | 10,000 | |||
Utilities expense | 38,000 | |||
Wages expense | 525,000 |
Required: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1. | Prepare an income statement forthe year ended April 30, 2016. Refer to the Accounts given in theInstructions and to the lists of Labels and Amount Descriptionsprovided for the exact wording of the answer choices for textentries. Be sure to complete the statement heading. If a net lossis incurred, enter that amount as a negative number using a minussign. A colon (:) will automatically appear if it isrequired. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. | Prepare a retained earningsstatement for the year ended April 30, 2016. Refer to the Accountsgiven in the Instructions and to the lists of Labels and AmountDescriptions provided for the exact wording of the answer choicesfor text entries. Be sure to complete the statement heading. Enterall amounts as positive numbers. The word âLessâ or âAddâ is notneeded in the Retained Earnings Statement. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. | Prepare a balance sheet as ofApril 30, 2016. Refer to the Accounts given in the Instructions andto the lists of Labels and Amount Descriptions provided for theexact wording of the answer choices for text entries. Be sure tocomplete the statement heading. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
4. | What item appears on both theincome statement and retained earnings statement? MUST INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING LABELS/DESCRIPTION
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The comparative balance sheets of Posner Company, for Years 1 and 2 ended December 31, appear below in condensed form.
1 | Year 2 | Year 1 | |
2 | Cash | $53,000.00 | $50,000.00 |
3 | Accounts Receivable (net) | 37,000.00 | 48,000.00 |
4 | Inventories | 108,500.00 | 100,000.00 |
5 | Investments | 70,000.00 | |
6 | Equipment | 573,200.00 | 450,000.00 |
7 | Accumulated Depreciation-Equipment | (142,000.00) | (176,000.00) |
8 | $629,700.00 | $542,000.00 | |
9 | Accounts Payable | $62,500.00 | $43,800.00 |
10 | Bonds Payable, Due Year 2 | 100,000.00 | |
11 | Common Stock, $10 par | 325,000.00 | 285,000.00 |
12 | Paid-In Capital in Excess of ParâCommon Stock | 80,000.00 | 55,000.00 |
13 | Retained Earnings | 162,200.00 | 58,200.00 |
14 | $629,700.00 | $542,000.00 |
The income statement for the current year is as follows:
1 | Sales | $625,700.00 | |
2 | Cost of merchandise sold | 340,000.00 | |
3 | Gross profit | $285,700.00 | |
4 | Operating expenses: | ||
5 | Depreciation expense | $26,000.00 | |
6 | Other operating expenses | 68,000.00 | 94,000.00 |
7 | Income from operations | $191,700.00 | |
8 | Other revenue and expense: | ||
9 | Gain on sale of investment | $4,000.00 | |
10 | Interest expense | (6,000.00) | (2,000.00) |
11 | Income before income tax | $189,700.00 | |
12 | Income tax | 60,700.00 | |
13 | Net income | $129,000.00 |
Additional data for the current year are as follows:
(a) | Fully depreciated equipment costing $60,000 was scrapped, no salvage, and new equipment was purchased for $183,200. |
(b) | Bonds payable for $100,000 were retired by payment at their face amount. |
(c) | 5,000 shares of common stock were issued at $13 for cash. |
(d) | Cash dividends declared and paid, $25,000. |
Required:
Prepare a statement of cash flows using the indirect method of reporting cash flows from operating activities. Refer to the Labels and Amount Descriptions list provided for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. Be sure to complete the heading of the statement. Use the minus sign to indicate cash outflows, cash payments, decreases in cash, or any negative adjustments. |
Labels and Amount Descriptions
Labels | |
For the Year Ended December 31, Year 2 | |
Amount Descriptions | |
Cash from sale of common stock | |
Cash from sale of investments | |
Cash paid for dividends | |
Cash paid for purchase of equipment | |
Cash paid to retire bonds payable | |
Decrease in accounts payable | |
Decrease in accounts receivable | |
Decrease in cash | |
Decrease in inventories | |
Depreciation | |
Gain on sale of investment | |
Increase in accounts payable | |
Increase in accounts receivable | |
Increase in cash | |
Increase in inventories | |
Loss on sale of investment | |
Net cash flow from financing activities | |
Net cash flow from investing activities | |
Net cash flow from operating activities | |
Net cash flow used for financing activities | |
Net cash flow used for investing activities | |
Net cash flow used for operating activities | |
Net income | |
Net loss |
Statement of Cash Flows
Prepare a statement of cash flows using the indirect method of reporting cash flows from operating activities. Refer to the Labels and Amount Descriptions list provided for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. Be sure to complete the heading of the statement. Use the minus sign to indicate cash outflows, cash payments, decreases in cash, or any negative adjustments.
Posner Company |
Statement of Cash Flows |
1 | Cash flows from operating activities: | ||
2 | |||
3 | Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow from operating activities: | ||
4 | |||
5 | |||
6 | Changes in current operating assets and liabilities: | ||
7 | |||
8 | |||
9 | |||
10 | |||
11 | Cash flows from investing activities: | ||
12 | |||
13 | |||
14 | |||
15 | Cash flows from financing activities: | ||
16 | |||
17 | |||
18 | |||
19 | |||
20 | |||
21 | Cash at the beginning of the year | ||
22 | Cash at the end of the year |
Case 10-1
Swisscom AG, the principal provider of telecommunications inSwitzerland, prepares consolidated financial statements inaccordance with IFRS. Until 2007, Swisscom also reconciled its netincome and stockholdersâ equity to US GAAP. Swisscom consolidatedfinancial statements from a recent annual report are presented intheir original format in Column 1 of the following worksheet. Note27, Differences between IFRS and GAAP, which includes Swisscomâs USGAAP reconciliation, also is provided.
Required
Use the information in Note 27 to restate Swisscomâsconsolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP. Beginby constructing debit/credit entries for each reconciliation item,and then post these entries to columns 2 and 3 in the worksheetsprovided.
Calculate each of the following ratios under both IFRS and GAAPand determine the percentage differences between them, using IFRSratios as the base:
Net income/net revenue
Operating income/net revenues
Operating income/total assets
Net income/shareholdersâ equity
Operating income/total shareholdersâ equity
Current assets/current liabilities
Total liabilities/total shareholdersâ equity
Which of these ratios is most (least) affected by the accountingstandards used?
Worksheet for theRestatement of Swisscom's Financial Statements from IFRS to USGAAP | ||||
Reconciling | Adjustment | |||
IFRS | DR | CR | US GAAP | |
Consolidated Statement of Operations | ||||
Net revenue | 9,842 | |||
Capitalized cost and changes ininventory | 277 | |||
Total | 10,119 | |||
Goods and services purchased | 1,666 | |||
Personnel expenses | 2,584 | |||
Other operating expenses | 2,090 | |||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,739 | |||
Restructuring charges | 1,726 | |||
Total operating expenses | 9,805 | |||
Operating income | 314 | |||
Interest expense | (428) | |||
Financial income | 25 | |||
Income(loss) before incometaxes and equity in net loss of affiliated companies | (89) | |||
Income tax expense | 1 | |||
Income(loss) before equity innet loss of affiliated companies | (90) | |||
Equity in net loss of affiliatedcompanies | (325) | |||
Net income(loss) | (415) | |||
Consolidated Retained EarningsStatement | ||||
Retained earnings, 1/1 | (151) | |||
Net loss | (415) | |||
Profit distribution declared | (1,282) | |||
Conversion of loan payable to equity | 3,200 | |||
Retained earnings, 12/31 | 1,352 | |||
Assets | ||||
Current assets | ||||
Cash and equivalents | 256 | |||
Securities available for sale | 51 | |||
Trade accounts receivable | 2,052 | |||
Inventories | 169 | |||
Other current assets | 34 | |||
Total current assets | 2,562 | |||
Noncurrent assets | ||||
Property, plant and equipment | 11,453 | |||
Investments | 1,238 | |||
Other noncurrent assets | 220 | |||
Total noncurrent assets | 12,911 | |||
Total assets | 15,473 | |||
Current liabilities | ||||
Short-term debt | 1,178 | |||
Trade accounts payable | 889 | |||
Accrued pension cost | 789 | |||
Other current liabilities | 2,213 | |||
Total current liabilities | 5,069 | |||
Long-term liabilities | ||||
Long-term debt | 6,200 | |||
Finance lease obligation | 439 | |||
Accrued pension cost | 1,488 | |||
Accrued liabilities | 709 | |||
Other long-term liabilities | 338 | |||
Total long-term liabilities | 9,174 | |||
Total liabilities | 14,243 | |||
Shareholders' equity | ||||
Retained earnings | 1,352 | |||
Unrealized market valueadjustment on securities available for sale | 39 | |||
Cumulative translation adjustment | (161) | |||
Total shareholders' equity | 1,230 | |||
Total liabilities and shareholders'equity | 15,473 |
27. Differences between IFRS and GAAP
The consolidated financial statements of Swisscom have beenprepared in accordance with IFRS, which differ in certain respectsfrom GAAP in the US. Application of US GAAP would have affected thebalance sheet and net income (loss) to the extent described below.A description of the material differences between IFRS and GAAP asthey relate to Swisscom are discussed in further detail below.
Reconciliation of net income (loss) from IFRS toGAAP
The following schedule illustrates the significant adjustmentsto reconcile net income (loss) in accordance with US GAAP to theamounts determined under IFRS, for the current year ended December31.
(CHF in millions) | ||
Net income (loss) according toIFRS | (415) | |
US GAAP adjustments: | ||
Capitalization of interest cost | 8 | |
Restructuring charges | 205 | |
Depreciation expense | -5 | |
Capitalization of software | 182 | |
Restructuring charges byaffiliates | 50 | |
Net income according to GAAP | 25 |
Reconciliation of shareholdersâ equity from IFRS toGAAP
The following is a reconciliation of the significant adjustmentsnecessary to reconcile shareholdersâ equity in accordance with USGAAP to the amounts determined under IFRS as at December 31 of thecurrent year.
(CHF in millions) | ||
Shareholders' equity accordingto IFRS | 1230 | |
US GAAP adjustments: | ||
Capitalization of interest cost | 54 | |
Restructuring charges | 205 | |
Depreciation expense | -5 | |
Capitalization of software | 475 | |
Restructuring charges byaffiliates | 50 | |
Shareholders' equity accordingto GAAP | 2009 |
Capitalization of interest cost
Swisscom expenses all interest costs as incurred. US GAAPrequires interest costs incurred during the construction ofproperty, plant and equipment to be capitalized. Under US GAAP,Swisscom would have capitalized CHF 13 million and amortized CHF 5million for the current year.
Restructuring charges
During the current year, Swisscom recognized under IFRSrestructuring charges totaling CHF 1726 million. The followingschedule illustrates adjustments necessary to reconcile thesecharges to amounts determined under US GAAP.
Restructuringcharges in accordance with IFRS | ||
Personnel restructuringcharges | 1326 | |
Write-down of long-livedassets | 316 | |
Misc. restructuring charges | 84 | |
Total in accordance with IFRS | 1726 | |
Adjustments to restructuringcharges to accord with GAAP | (205) | |
Restructuring charges inaccordance with GAAP | 1521 |
Reconciliation of restructuring charges | ||
Restructuring chargesaccording to US GAAP consist of the following: | ||
Personnel restructuringcharges | 1228 | |
Write-down of long-livedassets | 209 | |
Misc. restructuring charges | 84 | |
Restructuring charges inaccordance with GAAP | 1521 |
Depreciation expense
Due to the difference in carrying value of long-lived assetsafter write-downs describe in (b), there is a difference in theamount of depreciation expense taken under IFRS and GAAP. Anadjustment is made for the current year to record an additional CHF5 million of depreciation under US GAAP.
Capitalization of software
Swisscom has expensed software costs as incurred. For US GAAPpurposes, external consultant costs incurred I the development ofsoftware for internal use has been capitalized. These costs arebeing amortized over a 3 year period. The capitalization ofsoftware costs accords with common practice in the UStelecommunications industry.
Swisscom has capitalized, as disclosed in the reconciliation ofnet income (loss) and shareholdersâ equity to US GAAP, CHF 220million and amortized CHF 37 million in the previous year andcapitalized CHF 370 million and amortized CHF 188 million in thecurrent year.
Restructuring charges of affiliates
During the current year, Swisscomâs share of personnel and otherrestructuring charges recorded by affiliates amounted to CHF 50million. These restructuring charges do not meet all therecognition criteria contained in EITF 94-3 and therefore cannot beexpensed in the current year, under US GAAP.