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Socio-spatial polarization & environmental racism Spatial divisions in the city Cities are spatially differentiated Geography, topography, accessibility, amenity (green environment) Key process is sorting of people into different part of the city Different sorting processes - Wealth (being able to afford to live in certain neighbourhood) - Race - Occupation - Age - Sexual preference * Occupation is less of a sorting process now because people are more mobile Sorting processes Price is most powerful sorting process High amenity areas are more expensive Wealthy people bid up prices of high amenity spaces Seen as a normal and natural aspect of property markets Normalization = invisibility Huge consequences historically and today Better facilities are built around high amenity spaces Rich people will invest in their own community, becomes a self reinforcing process Toronto is experiencing the disappearance of the middle class Poor are getting poorer, and the wealthy has gotten a lot more wealthy www.notesolution.com