GGRB05H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Starbucks, Predatory Lending, Gentrification

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oliveox863

15 Jun 2012

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Ggrb05 lecture 6: urban housing and residential location. The built form matters, it affects what the city achieves. Solutions for smart growth and the challenges to retrofitting suburbia. Housing takes up the most amount of raw space. City centre is significantly smaller than the suburban. Political economy is how the government and private interests work together to produce society (the relationship) Housing tied directly to the economic success or failure of society. Physical, social, health, is connected to the lack of or poor housing options. 1/3 of the population in mdrs face challenges in terms of housing (inadequate housing at market prices) Housing is like other commodities exchanged in the free market. Government intervention is needed to help provide minimum standards of housing, and is seen as a public responsibility. Your type of housing matters depending on your life style. Residential relocation is either forced (involuntary) or voluntary. Voluntary: adjustment housing, neighbourhood, accessibility, induced employment, life cycle.

Related Questions

A post is being held in place by 3 wires

Wire A is heading west and Wire B is heading south. The figure above shows the approximate direction of Wire C.

If the system shown is not moving (i.e. it is static), describe how the forces operating on the platform relate to one another.

Write this relationship mathematically using vector notation.

Draw a vector diagram showing how these forces can be added together and how the heads and tails of each vector relate to each other.

The magnitude of the forces A and B acting on the platform are: |A| = 725.0 kN |B| = 615.0 kN

If the system is stationary, what is the magnitude of force C?

Show all your working clearly and give your answer in kN to 3 significant figures.

The pole has to be moved directly west. In order to achieve this, what would have to happen to the resultant force acting on the platform?

Suggest two ways the individual forces could be changed to achieve this resultant force. You may change the magnitude and direction of any of the individual forces to achieve this.

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It is currently popular for automobiles to use 10% ethanol / 90%gasoline mixtures (âgasoholâ) as fuel. According to popularconsensus the main benefit of gasohol use is that it âreduces ourdependence upon foreign oil.â We test this assertion by making someelementary calculations. Our analysis will unrealistically ignoreengine maintenance issues associated with older automobiles (suchas gasket and seal hardening), added fuel consumption necessary toproduce grain used as a feedstock in ethanol production,incremental food price increases associated with a reduction ingrain stocks, and many other effects. Gasohol use typically reducesaverage fuel economy by approximately 15% and effectively leavesfuel prices unchanged. This article further debates the wisdom ofethanol use and may be of interest outside the problems:
http://harvardmagazine.com/2006/11/the-ethanol-illusion.html
These concerns and problems have been strongly influenced byconversations with Dr. H.J. Harmon, of the OSU physicsdepartment.

2. Consider a 14.2 mpg 1991 Ford F150 driven 761 miles. Calculatethe pure gasoline consumption of this truck when: a) usinggasoline, and b) when using gasohol (with its attendant economyreduction). Determine the total CO2 emissions for each fuelassuming all fuels produce 20 lbs of CO2 per gallon. Comment uponthe wisdom of using gasohol versus pure gasoline in this vehicle.

3. 3 Stratosphere-troposphere exchange

The rate of exchange of air between the troposphere and thestratosphere is critical for determining the potential of variouspollutants emitted from the surface to reach the stratosphere andaffect the stratospheric ozone layer. One of the first estimates ofthis rate was made in the 1960s using measurements of strontium-90(90Sr) in the stratosphere. Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope(half-life 28 years) produced in nuclear explosions. It has nonatural sources. Large amounts of 90Sr were injected into thestratosphere in the 1950s by above-ground nuclear tests. Thesetests were banned by international treaty in 1962. Following thetest ban the stratospheric concentrations of 90Sr began to decreaseas 90Sr was transferred to the troposphere. In the troposphere,90Sr is removed by wet deposition with a lifetime of 10 days (bycontrast there is no rain, and hence no wet deposition, in thestratosphere). An intensive stratospheric measurement network wasoperated in the 1960s to monitor the decay of 90Sr in thestratosphere. We interpret these observations here using a 2-boxmodel for stratosphere-troposphere exchange with transfer rateconstants kTS and kST (yr-1) between the tropospheric andstratospheric reservoirs. The reservoirs are assumed to beindividually well-mixed.

Let mS and mT represent the masses of 90Sr in the stratosphere andin the troposphere respectively. Observations of the decrease inthe stratospheric inventory for the period 1963-1967 can be fittedto an exponential mS(t) = mS(0)exp(-kt) where k = 0.77 yr-1.

1. Write mass balance equations for mS and mT in the 1963-1967period.

2. Assuming that transfer of 90Sr from the troposphere to thestratosphere is negligible (we will verify this assumption later),show that the residence time of air in the stratosphere is tS =1/kST = 1.3 years.

3. Let m'T and m'S represent the total masses of air in thetroposphere and the stratosphere, respectively. Show that theresidence time of air in the troposphere is tT = tS (m'T/m'S) = 7.4years. Conclude as to the validity of your assumption in question2.

4. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have been adopted asreplacement products for the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which werebanned by the Montreal protocol because of their harmful effect onthe ozone layer. In contrast to the CFCs, the HCFCs can be oxidizedin the troposphere, and the oxidation products washed out byprecipitation, so that most of the HCFCs do not penetrate into thestratosphere to destroy ozone. Two common HCFCs have trade namesHCFC-123 and HCFC-124; their lifetimes against oxidation in thetroposphere are 1.4 years and 5.9 years, respectively. There are noother sinks for these species in the troposphere. Using our 2-boxmodel, determine what fractions of the emitted HCFC-123 andHCFC-124 penetrate the stratosphere.

GGRB05H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Starbucks, Predatory Lending, Gentrification

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