GGRC26H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Kyoto Protocol, Copenhagen Accord
Lecture 3 (May 22/2018)
Types of actors
:states, non-gov organizations (ngos), private actors (profit and non profit) (also includes
corporations which are sometimes direct partners of the gov), partnerships and networks,
Subnational public actors(municipalities) ,Boundary organizations(IPCC)
Trends in Environmental Governance
Shifting away from a governance model centered upon national governments
Increase in the number, variety, and degree of participation of actors in environmental
decisions
Unchartered territory in shaping discourses, social media, no-academic ”experts”, fake
news.
Scales of Environmental Governance:
Global
Regional
National
Sub-national (Province/state) (Municipality/city)
Community
International Governance:
Enacted through treaties
Kyoto(1997)
Top-down approach
Paris (2015)
Bottom-up approach(each state decides own reduction targets)
International Governance
Problem: International governance is weak compared to state-level regulation
Non-binding treaties
Challenging to enforce
Global: ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE:
UNFCCC negotiations:
Kyoto Protocol (1992)-legally binding for annex I parties.
Copenhagen Accord (2009- political framework, not legally binding
Paris Agreement (2015)
Paris Aggreement:
175Parties including the US
Aims `
What is the role of international-levelenvironemntal governance?
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