HLTA03H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Max Weinreich, Linguistic Typology, Markedness
Document Summary
Lina02: application of linguistic lec 01: language typology. Most la(cid:374)guages ha(cid:448)e fe(cid:449)er tha(cid:374) (cid:1005)(cid:1004),(cid:1004)(cid:1004)(cid:1004) speakers (cid:1010)(cid:1004)% of (cid:449)orld"s la(cid:374)guages are at risk four out of (cid:1010)(cid:1004) i(cid:374)dige(cid:374)ous la(cid:374)guages spoke(cid:374) i(cid:374) ca(cid:374)ada ha(cid:448)e e(cid:374)ough speakers to sur(cid:448)i(cid:448)e la(cid:374)guage is lost every 14 days. Why do languages die: because their speakers use them less, and less in favour (less valuable) of a language that appears to offer greater economic or educational opportunities. Ex: 3 generations 1) parents are monolingual speaks a 2) children are bilingual (adopt a new language) A b 3) grandchildren are monolinguals of the new language speaks b. Dialect: (cid:862)a la(cid:374)guage is a diale(cid:272)t (cid:449)ith a(cid:374) ar(cid:373)(cid:455) a(cid:374)d a (cid:374)a(cid:448)(cid:455)! (cid:863) ma(cid:454) wei(cid:374)rei(cid:272)h, (cid:1005)9(cid:1008)(cid:1009) Different approaches to language classification---genetic classification: group languages into families (cid:271)ased o(cid:374) (cid:272)o(cid:373)(cid:373)o(cid:374) origi(cid:374). Linguistic typology: classif(cid:455) la(cid:374)guages (cid:271)ased o(cid:374) their structural characteristics i(cid:373)ilar sou(cid:374)d patter(cid:374)s, gra(cid:373)(cid:373)ati(cid:272)al stru(cid:272)tures, et(cid:272) goal: identify linguistic universals = structural characteristics that occur in all or most languages.
